Why use iterators instead of array indices?

Question

Take the following two lines of code:

for (int i = 0; i < some_vector.size(); i++)
{
    //do stuff
}

And this:

for (some_iterator = some_vector.begin(); some_iterator != some_vector.end();
    some_iterator++)
{
    //do stuff
}

I'm told that the second way is preferred. Why exactly is this?

Answer 1

Another nice thing about iterators is that they better allow you to express (and enforce) your const-preference. This example ensures that you will not be altering the vector in the midst of your loop:

for(std::vector<Foo>::const_iterator pos=foos.begin(); pos != foos.end(); ++pos)
{
    // Foo & foo = *pos; // this won't compile
    const Foo & foo = *pos; // this will compile
}

Answer 2

I'm going to be the devils advocate here, and not recommend iterators. The main reason why, is all the source code I've worked on from Desktop application development to game development have i nor have i needed to use iterators. All the time they have not been required and secondly the hidden assumptions and code mess and debugging nightmares you get with iterators make them a prime example not to use it in any applications that require speed.

Even from a maintence stand point they're a mess. Its not because of them but because of all the aliasing that happen behind the scene. How do i know that you haven't implemented your own virtual vector or array list that does something completely different to the standards. Do i know what type is currently now during runtime? Did you overload a operator I didn't have time to check all your source code. Hell do i even know what version of the STL your using?

The next problem you got with iterators is leaky abstraction, though there are numerous web sites that discuss this in detail with them.

Sorry, I have not and still have not seen any point in iterators. If they abstract the list or vector away from you, when in fact you should know already what vector or list your dealing with if you don't then your just going to be setting yourself up for some great debugging sessions in the future.

Answer 3

• If you like being close to the metal / don't trust their implementation details, don't use iterators.
• If you regularly switch out one collection type for another during development, use iterators.
• If you find it difficult to remember how to iterate different sorts of collections (maybe you have several types from several different external sources in use), use iterators to unify the means by which you walk over elements. This applies to say switching a linked list with an array list.

Really, that's all there is to it. It's not as if you're going to gain more brevity either way on average, and if brevity really is your goal, you can always fall back on macros.

Answer 4

The first form is efficient only if vector.size() is a fast operation. This is true for vectors, but not for lists, for example. Also, what are you planning to do within the body of the loop? If you plan on accessing the elements as in

T elem = some_vector[i];

then you're making the assumption that the container has operator[](std::size_t) defined. Again, this is true for vector but not for other containers.

The use of iterators bring you closer to container independence. You're not making assumptions about random-access ability or fast size() operation, only that the container has iterator capabilities.

You could enhance your code further by using standard algorithms. Depending on what it is you're trying to achieve, you may elect to use std::for_each(), std::transform() and so on. By using a standard algorithm rather than an explicit loop you're avoiding re-inventing the wheel. Your code is likely to be more efficient (given the right algorithm is chosen), correct and reusable.

Answer 5

Indexing requires an extra mul operation. For example, for vector<int> v, the compiler converts v[i] into &v + sizeof(int) * i.

Answer 6

I always use array index because many application of mine require something like "display thumbnail image". So I wrote something like this:

some_vector[0].left=0;
some_vector[0].top =0;<br>

for (int i = 1; i < some_vector.size(); i++)
{

    some_vector[i].left = some_vector[i-1].width +  some_vector[i-1].left;
    if(i % 6 ==0)
    {
        some_vector[i].top = some_vector[i].top.height + some_vector[i].top;
        some_vector[i].left = 0;
    }

}