How to replace multiple text substrings in XSLT 1

Question

With XSLT 1.0, the regex methods of XSLT 2.0 are generally unavailable. Is there any non-regex way of replacing multiple fields in a node in a source xml document, for example to convert:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xliff xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.1" version="1.1">
  <file>
    <source>abc [[field1]] def [[field2]] ghi</source>
  </file>
</xliff>

to:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xliff xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.1" version="1.1">
  <file>
    <source>abc F def F ghi</source>
  </file>
</xliff>

Answer 1

EDIT 1

I just realized Dimitre's version uses recursion and is quite similar; so my opening sentence seems silly now.

Here's a version that uses recursion:

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
  <xsl:variable name="fld-beg" select="'[['"/>
  <xsl:variable name="fld-end" select="']]'"/>
  <xsl:variable name="replacement" select="'F'"/>

  <xsl:template match="@*|node()">
    <xsl:copy>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/>
    </xsl:copy>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="source/text()">
    <xsl:call-template name="replace">
      <xsl:with-param name="str" select="."/>
    </xsl:call-template>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template name="replace">
    <xsl:param name="str"/>
    <xsl:choose>
      <xsl:when test="contains($str, $fld-beg) and contains($str, $fld-end)">
        <xsl:call-template name="replace">
          <xsl:with-param name="str" select="concat(
            substring-before($str, $fld-beg),
            $replacement,
            substring-after($str, $fld-end))"/>
        </xsl:call-template>
      </xsl:when>
      <xsl:otherwise>
        <xsl:value-of select="$str"/>
      </xsl:otherwise>
    </xsl:choose>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

match="source/text()" matches all the text in 'source' node as one string and passes it to the named pattern 'replace'. 'replace' looks for occurrences of the beginning and ending delimiters ('[[' and ']]'), and if found splits the text at (and thus ignoring) the delimiters, inserts the replacement string, and passes all that to itself to repeat the process.

I say "split", but given the lack of a real split() in XPath 1.0, we can get by teaming up substring-before() and substring-after().

Given the text in the source, 'abc [[field1]] def [[field2]] ghi', the recursion goes like this, showing how it's split, replaced, and passed:

1. 'abc ' + 'F' + def [[field2]] ghi', passed again into 'replacement'
2. 'abc F def ' + 'F' + ' ghi', passed again into 'replacement'
3. since the delimiters are not present, 'abc F def F ghi' is passed back up to match="source/text()"

Here's how it looks with xsltproc:

$ xsltproc so.xsl so.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xliff xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.1" version="1.1">
  <file>
    <source>abc F def F ghi</source>
  </file>
</xliff>

I hope this helps.

Answer 2

I. XSLT 1.0 Solution:

This transformation:

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>
 <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

 <xsl:param name="pTargetStart" select="'[['"/>
 <xsl:param name="pTargetEnd" select="']]'"/>
 <xsl:param name="pReplacement" select="'F'"/>

 <xsl:template match="node()|@*">
  <xsl:copy>
   <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/>
  </xsl:copy>
 </xsl:template>

 <xsl:template match="source/text()" name="replace">
  <xsl:param name="pText" select="."/>
  <xsl:param name="pTargetStart" select="$pTargetStart"/>
  <xsl:param name="pTargetEnd" select="$pTargetEnd"/>
  <xsl:param name="pRep" select="$pReplacement"/>

  <xsl:choose>
   <xsl:when test=
    "not(contains($pText, $pTargetStart)
       and
        contains($pText, $pTargetEnd)
        )
     or
      not(contains(substring-after($pText, $pTargetStart),
                   $pTargetEnd
                   )
         )
    ">
     <xsl:value-of select="$pText"/>
    </xsl:when>

    <xsl:otherwise>
     <xsl:value-of select="substring-before($pText, $pTargetStart)"/>
     <xsl:value-of select="$pRep"/>

     <xsl:variable name="vremText" select=
     "substring-after(substring-after($pText, $pTargetStart),
                      $pTargetEnd
                      )"/>
     <xsl:call-template name="replace">
      <xsl:with-param name="pText" select="$vremText"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="pTargetStart" select="$pTargetStart"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="pTargetEnd" select="$pTargetEnd"/>
      <xsl:with-param name="pRep" select="$pRep"/>
     </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:otherwise>

  </xsl:choose>

 </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

when applied on the provided XML document:

<xliff xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.1" version="1.1">
    <file>
        <source>abc [[field1]] def [[field2]] ghi</source>
    </file>
</xliff>

produces the wanted, correct result:

<xliff xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.1" version="1.1">
   <file>
      <source>abc F def F ghi</source>
   </file>
</xliff>

---

II. XSLT 2.0 Solution (just for comparison):

<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0"
 xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
 <xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>

 <xsl:template match="node()|@*">
  <xsl:copy>
   <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/>
  </xsl:copy>
 </xsl:template>

 <xsl:template match="source/text()">
  <xsl:sequence select="replace(., '\[\[(.*?)\]\]', 'F')"/>
 </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

Answer 3

You can use Java inside XSL, example for replaceAll:

<xsl:template name="replace_all" xmlns:string="java.lang.String">
    <xsl:param name="text"/>
    <xsl:param name="pattern"/>
    <xsl:param name="replace"/>
    <xsl:variable name="text_string" select="string:new($text)"/>
    <xsl:value-of select="string:replaceAll($text_string, $pattern, $replace)"/>
</xsl:template>

pattern is a regexp. For further info see: String javadoc

Answer 4

EXSLT has some good functions for you. If you need to replace simple strings, try str:replace. An XSLT 1.0 template implementation is given.