Python class variable name vs __name__

Question

I'm trying to understand the relationship between the variable a Python class object is assigned to and the __name__ attribute for that class object. For example:

In [1]: class Foo(object):
   ...:     pass
   ...: 

In [2]: Foo.__name__ = 'Bar'

In [3]: Foo.__name__
Out[3]: 'Bar'

In [4]: Foo
Out[4]: __main__.Bar

In [5]: Bar
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-962d3beb4fd6> in <module>()
----> 1 Bar

NameError: name 'Bar' is not defined

So it seems like I have changed the __name__ attribute of the class but I can't refer to it by that name. I know this is a bit general but could someone explain the relationship between Foo and Foo.__name__?

Answer 1

It's simple. There is no relationship at all.

When you create a class a local variable is created with name you used, pointing at the class so you can use it.

The class also gets an attribute __name__ that contains the name of that variable, because that's handy in certain cases, like pickling.

You can set the local variable to something else, or change the __name__ variable, but then things like pickling won't work, so don't do that.

Answer 2

Short version

class Foo(object): pass creates a class and assigns it to local name Foo.

Foo.__name__ = 'Bar' assigns a new value to attribute __name__. The enclosing scope is not affected.

Long version

The class statement creates a class and assigns to the name provided in the local scope. When creating a class Python tells the class the name it was created with by assigning it to the class's __name__ attribute.

Assigning to a class's attribute does not introduce a name into the local scope. Therefore any changes to attributes (such as __name__) do not affect the enclosing scope.

Answer 3

__name__ is mere self-identification, in oder to know what type an instance of it really is.

The other thing is the way it can be accessed with. That can vary if you re-assign it.

They both are assigned at the time you define the class.

It works the same way with functions: if you def them, they get assigned to the given name and they get the respective __name__ attribute.

OTOH, if you have a lambda function, it gets a __name__ attribute of <lambda>, because it doesn't know the name it gets assigned to.

Answer 4

You need to keep in mind that in python a class is just an object like any other. It wouldn't make sense for an object to contain an attribute that was linked to a variable that refers to the object, because there could be any number of variable names referring to it. Any time you write an assignment (Bar = Foo) or pass the object to a function, you have a new reference. Naturally all objects must be independent of how they are referenced.

__name__ is simply a piece of information attached to the class object, which happens to be the same as the variable name it's initially assigned to.