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I am trying to display XHTML content in a JSP page. The encoding is UTF8. The jsp page calls a method in a java class and the method returns the xhtml content. Basically this is what I have in my jsp page
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">
<% response.setContentType("application/xhtml+xml"); %>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<% response.setContentType("application/xhtml+xml"); %>
<%=myJavaClass.getXHTML()%>
</body>
</html>
The problem is that some characters show up as QuestionMarks (?). However, if the java class (myJavaClass) writes the same content to a file, all characters are displayed correctly when I open up the file and view it in a text editor. Tomcat's console also shows the xhtml content with all correct characters, only in the browser I am seeing question marks.
Can anyone think of any reason why this is happening?
There are lot of factors which can play a role. In your specific case you're using the old fashioned scriptlets to write the XML string to the response. The
<%= foo %>implicitly callsresponse.getWriter().write(foo). You need to set the character encoding of the response writer as well by adding the following to top of your JSP:This will set the response encoding to
UTF-8by implicitly callingresponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8")and it will also add the appropriate response header if not done yet.All factors which you really need to take into consideration are:
HttpServletRequest#setCharacterEncoding().CREATE.For more background information and an detailed overview of all solutions you may find this article useful.
That said, the lines
<% response.setContentType("application/xhtml+xml"); %>are completely superfluous if you already have set the<meta http-equiv="content-type">in HTML head. Get rid of them and if possible also of the scriptlets. Just use EL: