pandas.algos._return_false causes PicklingError wi

Question

I have a code framework which involves dumping sessions with dill. This used to work just fine, until I started to use pandas. The following code raises a PicklingError on CentOS release 6.5:

import pandas
import dill
dill.dump_session('x.dat')

The problem seems to stem from pandas.algos. In fact, it's enough to run this to reproduce the error:

import pandas.algos
import dill
dill.dump_session('x.dat') / dill.dumps(pandas.algos)

The error is pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle <cyfunction lambda1 at 0x1df3050>: it's not found as pandas.algos.lambda1.

The thing is, this error is not raised on my pc. Both of them have same versions of pandas (0.14.1), dill (0.2.1), and python (2.7.6).

Looking on the badobjects, I get:

>>> dill.detect.badobjects(pandas.algos, depth = 1)
{'__builtins__': <module '__builtin__' (built-in)>, 
'_return_true': <cyfunction lambda2 at 0x1484d70>, 
'np': <module 'numpy' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy-1.8.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/numpy/__init__.pyc'>, 
'_return_false': <cyfunction lambda1 at 0x1484cc8>, 
'lib': <module 'pandas.lib' from '/home/talkr/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/lib.so'>}

This seems to be due to different handling of pandas.algos by the two OS-s (perhaps different compilers?). On my PC, where dump_session is without errors, pandas.algos._return_false is <cyfunction <lambda> at 0x06DD02A0>, while on CentOS it's <cyfunction lambda1 at 0x1df3050>. Why is it handled differently?

Answer 1

I'm not seeing what you are seeing on a mac. Here's what I see, using the same version of pandas. I do see that you are using a different version of dill. I'm using the version from github. I'll check if there was a tweak to saving modules or globals in dill that might have had that impact on some distros.

Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 13 2014, 02:29:54) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pandas
>>> import dill
>>> dill.detect.trace(True)
>>> dill.dump_session('x.pkl')
M1: <module '__main__' (built-in)>
F2: <function _import_module at 0x1069ff140>
D2: <dict object at 0x106a0b280>
M2: <module 'dill' from '/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.2.dev-py2.7.egg/dill/__init__.pyc'>
M2: <module 'pandas' from '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/__init__.pyc'>

Here is what I get for pandas.algos,

Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 13 2014, 02:29:54) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pandas.algos
>>> import dill
>>> dill.dumps(pandas.algos)
'\x80\x02cdill.dill\n_import_module\nq\x00U\x0cpandas.algosq\x01\x85q\x02Rq\x03.'

Here's what I get for pandas.algos._return_false:

Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 13 2014, 02:29:54) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dill
>>> import pandas.algos
>>> dill.dumps(pandas.algos._return_false)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.2.dev-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py", line 180, in dumps
    dump(obj, file, protocol, byref, file_mode, safeio)
  File "/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.2.dev-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py", line 173, in dump
    pik.dump(obj)
  File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 224, in dump
    self.save(obj)
  File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 317, in save
    self.save_global(obj, rv)
  File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 748, in save_global
    (obj, module, name))
pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle <cyfunction lambda1 at 0x10d403cc8>: it's not found as pandas.algos.lambda1

So, I can now reproduce your error.

This looks like an unpicklable object, based on how it's built. However, it should be able to be pickled inside the module… as it is for me. You seem to have pinpointed the difference between what you are seeing in the object pandas builds on CentOS.

Looking at the pandas codebase, pandas.algos is a pyx file… so that's cython. And here's the code.

_return_false = lambda self, other: False

Were that in a .py file, I know it would serialize. I have no idea how dill works for cython generated lambdas… (e.g. a lambda cyfunction).

It looks like there was a commit (https://github.com/pydata/pandas/commit/73c71dfca10012e25c829930508b5d6f7ccad5ff) in which _return_false was moved outside a class into the module scope. Do you see that on both CentOS and your PC? It may be that the v0.14.1 for different distros was cut off slightly different git versions… depending on how you installed pandas.

So apparently, I can pick up a lambda1 by trying to get the source of the object… which for lambda, if it can't get the source, dill will grab by name… and apparently it's named lambda1… even though that doesn't show up in the .pyx file. Maybe it's due to how cython builds the lambdas.

Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 13 2014, 02:29:54) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pandas.algos
>>> import dill
>>> dill.source.importable(pandas.algos._return_false)
'from pandas import lambda1\n'

The difference might be coming from cython… since the code is generated from a .pyx in pandas. What's your versions of cython? Mine is 0.20.2.