Sending HTML mail using a shell script

2019-01-07 05:49发布

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How can I send an HTML email using a shell script?

10条回答
干净又极端
2楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:28

So far I have found two quick ways in cmd linux

  1. Use old school mail

mail -s "$(echo -e "This is Subject\nContent-Type: text/html")" test@yahoo.com < mytest.html

  1. Use mutt

mutt -e "my_hdr Content-Type: text/html" test@yahoo.com -s "subject" < mytest.html

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放我归山
3楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:31

The tags include 'sendmail' so here's a solution using that:

(
echo "From: me@xyz.com "
echo "To: them@xyz.com "
echo "MIME-Version: 1.0"
echo "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; " 
echo ' boundary="some.unique.value.ABC123/server.xyz.com"' 
echo "Subject: Test HTML e-mail." 
echo "" 
echo "This is a MIME-encapsulated message" 
echo "" 
echo "--some.unique.value.ABC123/server.xyz.com" 
echo "Content-Type: text/html" 
echo "" 
echo "<html> 
<head>
<title>HTML E-mail</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href='http://www.google.com'>Click Here</a>
</body>
</html>"
echo "------some.unique.value.ABC123/server.xyz.com--"
) | sendmail -t

A wrapper for sendmail can make this job easier, for example, mutt:

mutt -e 'set content_type="text/html"' me@mydomain.com -s "subject" <  message.html
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疯言疯语
4楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:31 
cat > mail.txt <<EOL
To: <email>
Subject: <subject>
Content-Type: text/html

<html>
$(cat <report-table-*.html>)
This report in <a href="<url>">SVN</a>
</html>

EOL

And then: 

sendmail -t < mail.txt
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聊天终结者
5楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:35

Another option is the sendEmail script http://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/, it also allows you to set the message type as html and include a file as the message body. See the link for details.

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对你真心纯属浪费
6楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:36

Mime header and from, to address also can be included in the html file it self.

Command

cat cpu_alert.html | /usr/lib/sendmail -t

cpu_alert.html file sample.

From: donotreply@example.com
To: admin@example.com
Subject: CPU utilization heigh
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html

<h1>Mail body will be here</h1>
The mail body should start after one blank line from the header.

Sample code available here: http://sugunan.net/git/slides/shell/cpu.php

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兄弟一词,经得起流年.
7楼-- · 2019-01-07 06:36

Using CentOS 7's default mailx (appears as heirloom-mailx), I've simplified this to just using a text file with your required headers and a static boundary for multipart/mixed and multipart/alternative setup.

I'm sure you can figure out multipart/related if you want with the same setup.

test.txt:

--000000000000f3b2150570186a0e
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="000000000000f3b2130570186a0c"

--000000000000f3b2130570186a0c
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

This is my plain text stuff here, in case the email client does not support HTML or is blocking it purposely

My Link Here <http://www.example.com>

--000000000000f3b2130570186a0c
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"

<div dir="ltr">
<div>This is my HTML version of the email</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><a href="http://www.example.com">My Link Here</a><br></div>
</div>

--000000000000f3b2130570186a0c--
--000000000000f3b2150570186a0e
Content-Type: text/csv; charset="US-ASCII"; name="test.csv"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="test.csv"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
X-Attachment-Id: f_jj5qmzqz0

The boundaries define multipart segments.

The boundary ID that has no dashes at the end is a start point of a segment.

The one with the two dashes at the end is the end point.

In this example, there's a subpart within the multipart/mixed main section, for multipart/alternative.

The multipart/alternative method basically says "Fallback to this, IF the priority part does not succeed" - in this example HTML is taken as priority normally by email clients. If an email client won't display the HTML, it falls back to the plain text.

The multipart/mixed method which encapsulates this whole message, is basically saying there's different content here, display both.

In this example, I placed a CSV file attachment on the email. You'll see the attachment get plugged in using base64 in the command below.

I threw in the attachment as an example, you'll have to set your content type appropriately for your attachment and specify whether inline or not.

The X-Attachment-Id is necessary for some providers, randomize the ID you set.

The command to mail this is:

echo -e "`cat test.txt; openssl base64 -e < test.csv`\n--000000000000f3b2150570186a0e--\n" | mailx -s "Test 2 $( echo -e "\nContent-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=\"000000000000f3b2150570186a0e\"" )" -r fromaddress@example.com toaddress@example.com

As you can see in the mailx Subject line I insert the multipart boundary statically, this is the first header the email client will see.

Then comes the test.txt contents being dumped.

Regarding the attachment, I use openssl (which is pretty standard on systems) to convert the file attachment to base64.

Additionally, I added the boundary close statement at the end of this echo, to signify the end of the message.

This works around heirloom-mailx problems and is virtually script-less.

The echo can be a feed instead, or any other number of methods.

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