get the latest fragment in backstack

Question

How can I get the latest fragment instance added in backstack (if I do not know the fragment tag & id)?

FragmentManager fragManager = activity.getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragTransacion = fragMgr.beginTransaction();

/****After add , replace fragments 
  (some of the fragments are add to backstack , some are not)***/

//HERE, How can I get the latest added fragment from backstack ??

Answer 1

Actually there's no latest fragment added to the stack because you can add several or fragments to the stack in a single transaction or just remove fragments without adding a new one.

If you really want to have a stack of fragments and to be able to access a fragment by its index in the stack, you'd better have an abstraction layer over the FragmentManager and its backstack. Here's how you can do it:

public class FragmentStackManager {
  private final FragmentManager fragmentManager;
  private final int containerId;

  private final List<Fragment> fragments = new ArrayList<>();

  public FragmentStackManager(final FragmentManager fragmentManager,
      final int containerId) {
    this.fragmentManager = fragmentManager;
    this.containerId = containerId;
  }

  public Parcelable saveState() {
    final Bundle state = new Bundle(fragments.size());
    for (int i = 0, count = fragments.size(); i < count; ++i) {
      fragmentManager.putFragment(state, Integer.toString(i), fragments.get(i));
    }
    return state;
  }

  public void restoreState(final Parcelable state) {
    if (state instanceof Bundle) {
      final Bundle bundle = (Bundle) state;
      int index = 0;
      while (true) {
        final Fragment fragment =
            fragmentManager.getFragment(bundle, Integer.toString(index));
        if (fragment == null) {
          break;
        }

        fragments.add(fragment);
        index += 1;
      }
    }
  }

  public void replace(final Fragment fragment) {
    fragmentManager.popBackStackImmediate(
        null, FragmentManager.POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE);
    fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
        .replace(containerId, fragment)
        .addToBackStack(null)
        .commit();
    fragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();

    fragments.clear();
    fragments.add(fragment);
  }

  public void push(final Fragment fragment) {
    fragmentManager
        .beginTransaction()
        .replace(containerId, fragment)
        .addToBackStack(null)
        .commit();
    fragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();

    fragments.add(fragment);
  }

  public boolean pop() {
    if (isEmpty()) {
      return false;
    }

    fragmentManager.popBackStackImmediate();

    fragments.remove(fragments.size() - 1);
    return true;
  }

  public boolean isEmpty() {
    return fragments.isEmpty();
  }

  public int size() {
    return fragments.size();
  }

  public Fragment getFragment(final int index) {
    return fragments.get(index);
  }
}

Now instead of adding and removing fragments by calling FragmentManager directly, you should use push(), replace(), and pop() methods of FragmentStackManager. And you will be able to access the topmost fragment by just calling stack.get(stack.size() - 1).

But if you like hacks, I have to other ways of doing similar things. The only thing I have to mention is that these hacks will work only with support fragments.

The first hack is just to get all active fragments added to the fragment manager. If you just replace fragments one by one and pop the from the stack this method will return the topmost fragment:

public class BackStackHelper {
  public static List<Fragment> getTopFragments(
      final FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
    final List<Fragment> fragments = fragmentManager.getFragments();
    final List<Fragment> topFragments = new ArrayList<>();

    for (final Fragment fragment : fragments) {
      if (fragment != null && fragment.isResumed()) {
        topFragments.add(fragment);
      }
    }

    return topFragments;
  }
}

The second approach is event more hacky and allows you to get all fragments added in the last transaction for which addToBackStack has been called:

package android.support.v4.app;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class BackStackHelper {
  public static List<Fragment> getTopFragments(
      final FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
    if (fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {
      return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    final List<Fragment> fragments = new ArrayList<>();

    final int count = fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryCount();
    final BackStackRecord record =
        (BackStackRecord) fragmentManager.getBackStackEntryAt(count - 1);
    BackStackRecord.Op op = record.mHead;
    while (op != null) {
      switch (op.cmd) {
        case BackStackRecord.OP_ADD:
        case BackStackRecord.OP_REPLACE:
        case BackStackRecord.OP_SHOW:
        case BackStackRecord.OP_ATTACH:
          fragments.add(op.fragment);
      }
      op = op.next;
    }

    return fragments;
  }
}

Please notice that in this case you have to put this class into android.support.v4.app package.