Getting raw SQL query string from PDO prepared sta

Question

Is there a way to get the raw SQL string executed when calling PDOStatement::execute() on a prepared statement? For debugging purposes this would be extremely useful.

Answer 1

preg_replace didn't work for me and when binding_ was over 9, binding_1 and binding_10 was replaced with str_replace (leaving the 0 behind), so I made the replacements backwards:

public function interpolateQuery($query, $params) {
$keys = array();
    $length = count($params)-1;
    for ($i = $length; $i >=0; $i--) {
            $query  = str_replace(':binding_'.(string)$i, '\''.$params[$i]['val'].'\'', $query);
           }
        // $query  = str_replace('SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS', '', $query, $count);
        return $query;

}

Hope someone finds it useful.

Answer 2

I need to log full query string after bind param so this is a piece in my code. Hope, it is useful for everyone hat has the same issue.

/**
 * 
 * @param string $str
 * @return string
 */
public function quote($str) {
    if (!is_array($str)) {
        return $this->pdo->quote($str);
    } else {
        $str = implode(',', array_map(function($v) {
                    return $this->quote($v);
                }, $str));

        if (empty($str)) {
            return 'NULL';
        }

        return $str;
    }
}

/**
 * 
 * @param string $query
 * @param array $params
 * @return string
 * @throws Exception
 */
public function interpolateQuery($query, $params) {
    $ps = preg_split("/'/is", $query);
    $pieces = [];
    $prev = null;
    foreach ($ps as $p) {
        $lastChar = substr($p, strlen($p) - 1);

        if ($lastChar != "\\") {
            if ($prev === null) {
                $pieces[] = $p;
            } else {
                $pieces[] = $prev . "'" . $p;
                $prev = null;
            }
        } else {
            $prev .= ($prev === null ? '' : "'") . $p;
        }
    }

    $arr = [];
    $indexQuestionMark = -1;
    $matches = [];

    for ($i = 0; $i < count($pieces); $i++) {
        if ($i % 2 !== 0) {
            $arr[] = "'" . $pieces[$i] . "'";
        } else {
            $st = '';
            $s = $pieces[$i];
            while (!empty($s)) {
                if (preg_match("/(\?|:[A-Z0-9_\-]+)/is", $s, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)) {
                    $index = $matches[0][1];
                    $st .= substr($s, 0, $index);
                    $key = $matches[0][0];
                    $s = substr($s, $index + strlen($key));

                    if ($key == '?') {
                        $indexQuestionMark++;
                        if (array_key_exists($indexQuestionMark, $params)) {
                            $st .= $this->quote($params[$indexQuestionMark]);
                        } else {
                            throw new Exception('Wrong params in query at ' . $index);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (array_key_exists($key, $params)) {
                            $st .= $this->quote($params[$key]);
                        } else {
                            throw new Exception('Wrong params in query with key ' . $key);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    $st .= $s;
                    $s = null;
                }
            }
            $arr[] = $st;
        }
    }

    return implode('', $arr);
}

Answer 3

I assume you mean that you want the final SQL query, with parameter values interpolated into it. I understand that this would be useful for debugging, but it is not the way prepared statements work. Parameters are not combined with a prepared statement on the client-side, so PDO should never have access to the query string combined with its parameters.

The SQL statement is sent to the database server when you do prepare(), and the parameters are sent separately when you do execute(). MySQL's general query log does show the final SQL with values interpolated after you execute(). Below is an excerpt from my general query log. I ran the queries from the mysql CLI, not from PDO, but the principle is the same.

081016 16:51:28 2 Query       prepare s1 from 'select * from foo where i = ?'
                2 Prepare     [2] select * from foo where i = ?
081016 16:51:39 2 Query       set @a =1
081016 16:51:47 2 Query       execute s1 using @a
                2 Execute     [2] select * from foo where i = 1

You can also get what you want if you set the PDO attribute PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES. In this mode, PDO interpolate parameters into the SQL query and sends the whole query when you execute(). This is not a true prepared query. You will circumvent the benefits of prepared queries by interpolating variables into the SQL string before execute().

---

Re comment from @afilina:

No, the textual SQL query is not combined with the parameters during execution. So there's nothing for PDO to show you.

Internally, if you use PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, PDO makes a copy of the SQL query and interpolates parameter values into it before doing the prepare and execute. But PDO does not expose this modified SQL query.

The PDOStatement object has a property $queryString, but this is set only in the constructor for the PDOStatement, and it's not updated when the query is rewritten with parameters.

It would be a reasonable feature request for PDO to ask them to expose the rewritten query. But even that wouldn't give you the "complete" query unless you use PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES.

This is why I show the workaround above of using the MySQL server's general query log, because in this case even a prepared query with parameter placeholders is rewritten on the server, with parameter values backfilled into the query string. But this is only done during logging, not during query execution.

Answer 4

The $queryString property mentioned will probably only return the query passed in, without the parameters replaced with their values. In .Net, I have the catch part of my query executer do a simple search replace on the parameters with their values which was supplied so that the error log can show actual values that were being used for the query. You should be able to enumerate the parameters in PHP, and replace the parameters with their assigned value.

Answer 5

I modified the method to include handling output of arrays for statements like WHERE IN (?).

UPDATE: Just added check for NULL value and duplicated $params so actual $param values are not modified.

Great work bigwebguy and thanks!

/**
 * Replaces any parameter placeholders in a query with the value of that
 * parameter. Useful for debugging. Assumes anonymous parameters from 
 * $params are are in the same order as specified in $query
 *
 * @param string $query The sql query with parameter placeholders
 * @param array $params The array of substitution parameters
 * @return string The interpolated query
 */
public function interpolateQuery($query, $params) {
    $keys = array();
    $values = $params;

    # build a regular expression for each parameter
    foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
        if (is_string($key)) {
            $keys[] = '/:'.$key.'/';
        } else {
            $keys[] = '/[?]/';
        }

        if (is_string($value))
            $values[$key] = "'" . $value . "'";

        if (is_array($value))
            $values[$key] = "'" . implode("','", $value) . "'";

        if (is_null($value))
            $values[$key] = 'NULL';
    }

    $query = preg_replace($keys, $values, $query);

    return $query;
}

Answer 6

PDOStatement has a public property $queryString. It should be what you want.

I've just notice that PDOStatement has an undocumented method debugDumpParams() which you may also want to look at.