Do any open source or 'free' libraries exist for Java where i can perform coordinate transforms from one spatial system to another?
I found Opengeo http://opengeo.org/ but it's a huge and comprehensive library for all sorts of spatial things.
Does anything smaller exist? I need to convert from MGA56 to WGS84.
A simple solution is PROJ.4, but it doesn't have Java bindings, so working with it might be a bit tricky. A more complete (but probably bigger than you want) solution would be GeoTools. But a quick search found the Java Map Projection Library, which appears to be a Java port of PROJ.4. I would give that a try.
Since it appears you need to do a datum shift, not only a projection, you will need to have some kind of coordinate system database. The easiest to get a hold of is the EPSG database -- PROJ.4 comes with an EPSG mapping file, which should be good enough for most purposes.
It looks like MGA56 is EPSG:28356, and of course WGS84 is EPSG:4326.
There is a lightweight library written fully in Java.
Coordinate Transformation Suite (abridged CTS) is a library developed to perform coordinate transformations using well known geodetic algorithms and parameter sets.
CTS handles 4257 coordinate reference systems (3910 EPSG).
The source code of this project is located at:
https://github.com/irstv/CTS