Oracle: how to UPSERT (update or insert into a tab

Question

The UPSERT operation either updates or inserts a row in a table, depending if the table already has a row that matches the data:

if table t has a row exists that has key X:
    update t set mystuff... where mykey=X
else
    insert into t mystuff...

Since Oracle doesn't have a specific UPSERT statement, what's the best way to do this?

Answer 1

None of the answers given so far is safe in the face of concurrent accesses, as pointed out in Tim Sylvester's comment, and will raise exceptions in case of races. To fix that, the insert/update combo must be wrapped in some kind of loop statement, so that in case of an exception the whole thing is retried.

As an example, here's how Grommit's code can be wrapped in a loop to make it safe when run concurrently:

PROCEDURE MyProc (
 ...
) IS
BEGIN
 LOOP
  BEGIN
    MERGE INTO Employee USING dual ON ( "id"=2097153 )
      WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET "last"="smith" , "name"="john"
      WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ("id","last","name") 
        VALUES ( 2097153,"smith", "john" );
    EXIT; -- success? -> exit loop
  EXCEPTION
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN -- the entry was concurrently deleted
      NULL; -- exception? -> no op, i.e. continue looping
    WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN -- an entry was concurrently inserted
      NULL; -- exception? -> no op, i.e. continue looping
  END;
 END LOOP;
END; 

N.B. In transaction mode SERIALIZABLE, which I don't recommend btw, you might run into ORA-08177: can't serialize access for this transaction exceptions instead.

Answer 2

Another alternative without the exception check:

UPDATE tablename
    SET val1 = in_val1,
        val2 = in_val2
    WHERE val3 = in_val3;

IF ( sql%rowcount = 0 )
    THEN
    INSERT INTO tablename
        VALUES (in_val1, in_val2, in_val3);
END IF;

Answer 3

Copy & paste example for upserting one table into another, with MERGE:

CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE t1
    (id VARCHAR2(5) ,
     value VARCHAR2(5),
     value2 VARCHAR2(5)
     )
  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;

CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE t2
    (id VARCHAR2(5) ,
     value VARCHAR2(5),
     value2 VARCHAR2(5))
  ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
ALTER TABLE t2 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_LKP_MIGRATION_INFO PRIMARY KEY (id);

insert into t1 values ('a','1','1');
insert into t1 values ('b','4','5');
insert into t2 values ('b','2','2');
insert into t2 values ('c','3','3');


merge into t2
using t1
on (t1.id = t2.id) 
when matched then 
  update set t2.value = t1.value,
  t2.value2 = t1.value2
when not matched then
  insert (t2.id, t2.value, t2.value2)  
  values(t1.id, t1.value, t1.value2);

select * from t2

Result:

1. b 4 5
2. c 3 3
3. a 1 1

Answer 4

Try this,

insert into b_building_property (
  select
    'AREA_IN_COMMON_USE_DOUBLE','Area in Common Use','DOUBLE', null, 9000, 9
  from dual
)
minus
(
  select * from b_building_property where id = 9
)
;

Answer 5

The dual example above which is in PL/SQL was great becuase I wanted to do something similar, but I wanted it client side...so here is the SQL I used to send a similar statement direct from some C#

MERGE INTO Employee USING dual ON ( "id"=2097153 )
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET "last"="smith" , "name"="john"
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ("id","last","name") 
    VALUES ( 2097153,"smith", "john" )

However from a C# perspective this provide to be slower than doing the update and seeing if the rows affected was 0 and doing the insert if it was.

Answer 6

I'd like Grommit answer, except it require dupe values. I found solution where it may appear once: http://forums.devshed.com/showpost.php?p=1182653&postcount=2

MERGE INTO KBS.NUFUS_MUHTARLIK B
USING (
    SELECT '028-01' CILT, '25' SAYFA, '6' KUTUK, '46603404838' MERNIS_NO
    FROM DUAL
) E
ON (B.MERNIS_NO = E.MERNIS_NO)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
    UPDATE SET B.CILT = E.CILT, B.SAYFA = E.SAYFA, B.KUTUK = E.KUTUK
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    INSERT (  CILT,   SAYFA,   KUTUK,   MERNIS_NO)
    VALUES (E.CILT, E.SAYFA, E.KUTUK, E.MERNIS_NO);