Fastest algorithm for circle shift N sized array f

Question

What is the fastest algorithm for circle shifting array for M positions?
For example, [3 4 5 2 3 1 4] shift M = 2 positions should be [1 4 3 4 5 2 3].

Thanks a lot.

Answer 1

Similar to @IsaacTurner and not that elegant due to unnecessary copying, but implementation is quite short.

The idea - swap element A on index 0 with the element B which sits on destination of A. Now B is first. Swap it with the element C which sits on destination of B. Continue until the destination is not at 0.

If the greatest common divisor is not 1 then you're not finished yet - you need to continue swapping, but now using index 1 at your starting and end point.

Continue until your starting position is not the gcd.

int gcd(int a, int b) => b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);

public int[] solution(int[] A, int K)
{
    for (var i = 0; i < gcd(A.Length, K); i++)
    {
        for (var j = i; j < A.Length - 1; j++)
        {
            var destIndex = ((j-i) * K + K + i) % A.Length;
            if (destIndex == i) break;
            var destValue = A[destIndex];
            A[destIndex] = A[i];
            A[i] = destValue;
        }
    }

    return A;
}

Answer 2

Swift 4 version for shifting array left.

func rotLeft(a: [Int], d: Int) -> [Int] {

   var result = a
   func reverse(start: Int, end: Int) {
      var start = start
      var end = end
      while start < end {
         result.swapAt(start, end)
         start += 1
         end -= 1
      }
   }

   let lenght = a.count
   reverse(start: 0, end: lenght - 1)
   reverse(start: lenght - d, end: lenght - 1)
   reverse(start: 0, end: lenght - d - 1)
   return result
}

For example, if input array is a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], and left shift offset is d = 4, then result will be [5, 1, 2, 3, 4]

Answer 3

circleArray has some errors and is not working in all cases!

The loop must continue while i1 < i2 NOT i1 < last - 1.

void Shift(int* _array, int _size, int _moves)
{
    _moves = _size - _moves;
    int i2 = _moves;
         int i1 = -1;
         while(++i1 < i2)
    {
        int tmp = _array[i2];
        _array[i2] = _array[i1];
        _array[i1] = tmp;
        if(++i2 == _size) i2 = _moves;
    }
}

Answer 4

Here is a simple and efficient general in place rotate function in C++, less than 10 lines.

which is excerpted from my answer on another question. How to rotate an array?

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// same logic with STL implementation, but simpler, since no return value needed.
template <typename Iterator>
void rotate_by_gcd_like_swap(Iterator first, Iterator mid, Iterator last) {
    if (first == mid) return;
    Iterator old = mid;
    for (; mid != last;) {
        std::iter_swap(first, mid);
        ++first, ++mid;
        if (first == old) old = mid; // left half exhausted
        else if (mid == last) mid = old;
    }
}

int main() {
    using std::cout;
    std::vector<int> v {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
    cout << "before rotate: ";
    for (auto x: v) cout << x << ' '; cout << '\n';
    int k = 7;
    rotate_by_gcd_like_swap(v.begin(), v.begin() + k, v.end());
    cout << " after rotate: ";
    for (auto x: v) cout << x << ' '; cout << '\n';
    cout << "sz = " << v.size() << ", k = " << k << '\n';
}

Answer 5

Ruby example:

def move_cyclic2 array, move_cnt
  move_cnt = array.length - move_cnt % array.length 
  if !(move_cnt == 0 || move_cnt == array.length)            
    array.replace( array[move_cnt..-1] + array[0...move_cnt] )  
  end   
end

Answer 6

Keep two indexes to the array, one index starts from beginning of the array to the end of array. Another index starts from the Mth position from last and loops through the last M elements any number of times. Takes O(n) at all times. No extra space required.

circleArray(Elements,M){
 int size=size-of(Elements);

 //first index
 int i1=0;

 assert(size>M)

 //second index starting from mth position from the last
 int i2=size-M;

 //until first index reaches the end
 while(i1<size-1){

  //swap the elements of the array pointed by both indexes
  swap(i1,i2,Elements);

  //increment first pointer by 1
  i1++;

  //increment second pointer. if it goes out of array, come back to
  //mth position from the last
  if(++i2==size) i2=size-M;

 }
}