Convert two types into a single type with Serde

Question

I'm writing for a program that hooks into a web service which sends back JSON.

When a certain property isn't there it provides a empty object, with all its fields as empty strings instead of excluding the value. When the property exists, some of the properties are u64. How can I have it so Serde handles this case?

Rust Structs

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct WebResponse {
    foo: Vec<Foo>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Foo {
    points: Points,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Points {
    x: u64,
    y: u64,
    name: String,
}

Example JSON

{
    "foo":[
        {
            "points":{
                "x":"",
                "y":"",
                "name":""
            }
        },
        {
            "points":{
                "x":78,
                "y":92,
                "name":"bar"
            }
        }
    ]
}

Answer 1

Serde supports an interesting selection of attributes that can be used to customize the serialization or deserialization for a type while still using the derived implementation for the most part.

In your case, you need to be able to decode a field that can be specified as one of multiple types, and you don't need information from other fields to decide how to decode the problematic fields. The #[serde(deserialize_with="$path")] annotation is well suited to solve your problem.

We need to define a function that will decode either an empty string or an integer value into an u64. We can use the same function for both fields, since we need the same behavior. This function will use a custom Visitor to be able to handle both strings and integers. It's a bit long, but it makes you appreciate all the work that Serde is doing for you!

extern crate serde;
#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;
extern crate serde_json;

use serde::Deserializer;
use serde::de::{self, Unexpected};
use std::fmt;

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct WebResponse {
    foo: Vec<Foo>,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Foo {
    points: Points,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Points {
    #[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_u64_or_empty_string")]
    x: u64,
    #[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_u64_or_empty_string")]
    y: u64,
    name: String,
}

struct DeserializeU64OrEmptyStringVisitor;

impl<'de> de::Visitor<'de> for DeserializeU64OrEmptyStringVisitor {
    type Value = u64;

    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        formatter.write_str("an integer or a string")
    }

    fn visit_u64<E>(self, v: u64) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
    where
        E: de::Error,
    {
        Ok(v)
    }

    fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
    where
        E: de::Error,
    {
        if v == "" {
            Ok(0)
        } else {
            Err(E::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(v), &self))
        }
    }
}

fn deserialize_u64_or_empty_string<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<u64, D::Error>
where
    D: Deserializer<'de>,
{
    deserializer.deserialize_any(DeserializeU64OrEmptyStringVisitor)
}

fn main() {
    let value = serde_json::from_str::<WebResponse>(
        r#"{
        "foo": [
            {
                "points": {
                    "x": "",
                    "y": "",
                    "name": ""
                }
            },
            {
                "points": {
                    "x": 78,
                    "y": 92,
                    "name": "bar"
                }
            }
        ]
    }"#,
    );
    println!("{:?}", value);
}

---

Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
serde = "1.0.15"
serde_json = "1.0.4"
serde_derive = "1.0.15"