I am trying to understand if/how this works.
Can SignalR and NServiceBus be used together to support full duplex on a web farm where the request could be sent from a server then later the response would come back but the user may be on another server.
The use case for this would be a user submits a form which then takes a while to process say 3-5 minutes. During that time the user is doing other things and could be switching between servers due to load balancing. Once the process is complete it would send a response back which would show a notification to the user.
If there are some articles on this that would be great.
Yes,
What you need to do is configure a scaleout-backplane for signalr so that messages can propagate between the nodes back to the user.
Here is a document that describes how to do it: http://www.asp.net/signalr/overview/performance-and-scaling/scaleout-with-windows-azure-service-bus
PS: there are other scaleout options besides the one used in this document, it's up to you.
Allow me to refer you to Roy Cornelissen's great blog post on this very topic:
http://roycornelissen.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/an-nservicebus-backplane-for-signalr/