How to ensure that Strings are in UTF-8?

Question

How to convert this String the surveyÂ’s rules to UTF-8 in Scala?

I tried these roads but does not work:

scala> val text = "the surveyÂ’s rules"
text: String = the surveyÂ’s rules

scala> scala.io.Source.fromBytes(text.getBytes(), "UTF-8").mkString
res17: String = the surveyÂ’s rules

scala> new String(text.getBytes(),"UTF8")
res21: String = the surveyÂ’s rules

Ok, i'm resolved in this way. Not a converting but a simple reading

implicit val codec = Codec("US-ASCII").onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE).onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)

val src = Source.fromFile(new File (folderDestination + name + ".csv"))
val src2 = Source.fromFile(new File (folderDestination + name + ".csv"))

val reader = CSVReader.open(src.reader())

Answer 1

Note that when you call text.getBytes() without arguments, you're in fact getting an array of bytes representing the string in your platform's default encoding. On Windows, for example, it could be some single-byte encoding; on Linux it can be UTF-8 already.

To be correct you need to specify exact encoding in getBytes() method call. For Java 7 and later do this:

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets

val bytes = text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)

For Java 6 do this:

import java.nio.charset.Charset

val bytes = text.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))

Then bytes will contain UTF-8-encoded text.

Answer 2

Just set the JVM's file.encoding parameter to UTF-8 as follows:

-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

It makes sure that UTF-8 is the default encoding.

Using scala it could be scala -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8.