closures in groovy vs closures in java 8 (lambda e

Question

Given doSomething(Function foo) { println foo(2) }

Groovy: doSomething( { it*it } as Function )

Java: doSomething( (x) -> x*x )

Is there any difference between the two?

Answer 1

In Groovy, closures are first class citizens of type groovy.lang.Closure, whereas lambdas in Java 8 are actual instances of the default method interface they represent.

This means you need to use the as keyword in Groovy (as you've shown), but alternatively, in Java you need to specify an interface, so in Groovy, you could do:

def adder( int i, Closure cl ) {
    cl( i )
}

int v = adder( 2 ) { i ->
    i + 8
}

assert v == 10

This in Java 8 becomes:

public class Test {
    interface MyAdder {
        int call( int i ) ;
    }

    public int adder( int i, MyAdder adder ) {
        return adder.call( i ) ;
    }

    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        int v = new Test().adder( 2, (x) -> x + 8 ) ;
        System.out.println( v ) ;
    }
}

Obviously, you can also now declare default implementation in interfaces, which I didn't show here...

Not sure if this is all the differences, but it's a difference at least ;-)

Answer 2

• In Java Lambda Expressions there is no way to refer to the parameters of the lambda expressions by default name. There is something on similar lines in Groovy I think it is "it".
• In Java Lambda expressions represent a convenient way to implement Single Abstract Method classes/interfaces. So if you have to create a lambda expression for something, you got to have a SAM interface defined for it.
• In Java, Lambda expressions can capture only those variable which are effectively final.
• In Java, there is an alternate way to represent a Lambda expression by using something called Method References. So if you have some lambda expressions like {() -> new MyObject();} it can be written as MyObject::new. I think not all lambda expressions can be represented by using Method References.

I dont think it would be ideal to compare the lambda expression support in Java 8 with that of more mature Groovy or Scala support. This is the first step for Java to introduce lambda expressions so going forward we can expect to have more mature support for lambda expressions.