Working Hello World WebRTC DataChannel Examples wi

2019-03-19 07:32发布

站内问答 / JavaScript
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The intent is for this to become a Community Wiki post that is kept up-to-date so developers interested in implementing communication of JSON messages browser-to-browser (p2p) with WebRTC DataChannels have simple yet functional examples.

WebRTC DataChannels are experimental and still in draft. It seems that currently the web is a minefield of outdated WebRTC examples and even more so if a developer is trying to learn the RTCDataChannel API.

Simple yet functional 1-page examples that work today across WebRTC compliant browsers seem very difficult to find. For example, some examples leave out a signaling implementation, others only work for a single browser (e.g. Chrome-Chrome), many are outdated due to recent API changes, and others are so complex they create a barrier to getting started.

Please post examples that meet the following criteria (if something is not met please specify):

  1. Client-side code is 1-page (200 lines or less)
  2. Server-side code is 1-page and technology is referenced (e.g. node.js, php, python, etc.)
  3. Signaling mechanism is implemented and protocol technology is referenced (e.g. WebSockets, long polling, GCM, etc.)
  4. Working code that runs cross-browser (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and/or Bowser)
  5. Minimal options, error handling, abstraction, etc. -- the intent is an elementary example

1条回答
贪生不怕死
2楼-- · 2019-03-19 08:39

Here is a working example that uses HTML5 WebSockets for signaling and a node.js backend

signaling technology: WebSockets
client: pure html/javascript
server: node.js, ws
last tested on: Firefox 40.0.2, Chrome 44.0.2403.157 m, Opera 31.0.1889.174

client-side code:

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
    <p id='msg'>Click the following in different browser windows</p>
    <button type='button' onclick='init(false)'>I AM Answerer Peer (click first)</button>
    <button type='button' onclick='init(true)'>I AM Offerer Peer</button>

<script>
    (function() {   
        var offererId = 'Gandalf',   // note: client id conflicts can happen
            answererId = 'Saruman',  //       no websocket cleanup code exists
            ourId, peerId,
            RTC_IS_MOZILLA = !!window.mozRTCPeerConnection,
            RTCPeerConnection = window.RTCPeerConnection || window.webkitRTCPeerConnection || window.mozRTCPeerConnection || window.msRTCPeerConnection,
            RTCSessionDescription = window.RTCSessionDescription || window.mozRTCSessionDescription || window.msRTCSessionDescription,
            RTCIceCandidate = window.RTCIceCandidate || window.mozRTCIceCandidate || window.msRTCIceCandidate,
            rtcpeerconn = new RTCPeerConnection(
                    {iceServers: [{ 'url': 'stun:stun.services.mozilla.com'}, {'url': 'stun:stun.l.google.com:19302'}]}, 
                    {optional: [{RtpDataChannels: false}]}
                ),
            rtcdatachannel, 
            websocket = new WebSocket('ws://' + window.location.hostname + ':8000'),
            comready, onerror;

        window.init = function(weAreOfferer) {
            ourId = weAreOfferer ? offererId : answererId;
            peerId = weAreOfferer ? answererId : offererId;

            websocket.send(JSON.stringify({
                inst: 'init', 
                id: ourId
            }));

            if(weAreOfferer) {

                rtcdatachannel = rtcpeerconn.createDataChannel(offererId+answererId);
                rtcdatachannel.onopen = comready;
                rtcdatachannel.onerror = onerror;

                rtcpeerconn.createOffer(function(offer) {
                    rtcpeerconn.setLocalDescription(offer, function() {
                        var output = offer.toJSON();
                        if(typeof output === 'string') output = JSON.parse(output); // normalize: RTCSessionDescription.toJSON returns a json str in FF, but json obj in Chrome

                        websocket.send(JSON.stringify({
                            inst: 'send', 
                            peerId: peerId, 
                            message: output
                        }));
                    }, onerror);
                }, onerror);
            }
        };

        rtcpeerconn.ondatachannel = function(event) {
            rtcdatachannel = event.channel;
            rtcdatachannel.onopen = comready;
            rtcdatachannel.onerror = onerror;
        };

        websocket.onmessage = function(input) {
            var message = JSON.parse(input.data);

            if(message.type && message.type === 'offer') {
                var offer = new RTCSessionDescription(message);

                rtcpeerconn.setRemoteDescription(offer, function() {
                    rtcpeerconn.createAnswer(function(answer) {
                        rtcpeerconn.setLocalDescription(answer, function() {
                            var output = answer.toJSON();
                            if(typeof output === 'string') output = JSON.parse(output); // normalize: RTCSessionDescription.toJSON returns a json str in FF, but json obj in Chrome

                            websocket.send(JSON.stringify({
                                inst: 'send',
                                peerId: peerId,
                                message: output
                            }));
                        }, onerror);
                    }, onerror);                
                }, onerror);
            } else if(message.type && message.type === 'answer') {              
                var answer = new RTCSessionDescription(message);
                rtcpeerconn.setRemoteDescription(answer, function() {/* handler required but we have nothing to do */}, onerror);
            } else if(rtcpeerconn.remoteDescription) {
                // ignore ice candidates until remote description is set
                rtcpeerconn.addIceCandidate(new RTCIceCandidate(message.candidate));
            }
        };

        rtcpeerconn.onicecandidate = function (event) {
            if (!event || !event.candidate) return;
            websocket.send(JSON.stringify({
                inst: 'send',
                peerId: peerId,
                message: {candidate: event.candidate}
            }));
        };

        /** called when RTC signaling is complete and RTCDataChannel is ready */
        comready = function() {
            rtcdatachannel.send('hello world!');
            rtcdatachannel.onmessage = function(event) {
                document.getElementById('msg').innerHTML = 'RTCDataChannel peer ' + peerId + ' says: ' + event.data;    
            }
        };

        /** global error function */
        onerror = websocket.onerror = function(e) {
            console.log('====== WEBRTC ERROR ======', arguments);
            document.getElementById('msg').innerHTML = '====== WEBRTC ERROR ======<br>' + e;
            throw new Error(e);
        };
    })();
</script>
</body>
</html>

server-side code:

var server = require('http').createServer(), 
    express = require('express'),    
    app = express(),
    WebSocketServer = require('ws').Server,
    wss = new WebSocketServer({ server: server, port: 8000 });

app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/static')); // client code goes in static directory

var clientMap = {};

wss.on('connection', function (ws) {
    ws.on('message', function (inputStr) {
        var input = JSON.parse(inputStr);
        if(input.inst == 'init') {
            clientMap[input.id] = ws;
        } else if(input.inst == 'send') {
            clientMap[input.peerId].send(JSON.stringify(input.message));
        }
    });
});

server.on('request', app);
server.listen(80, YOUR_HOSTNAME_OR_IP_HERE, function () { console.log('Listening on ' + server.address().port) });
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