Code Golf: Validate Sudoku Grid

Question

Introduction

A valid Sudoku grid is filled with numbers 1 to 9, with no number occurring more than once in each sub-block of 9, row or column. Read this article for further details if you're unfamiliar with this popular puzzle.

Challenge

The challenge is to write the shortest program that validates a Sudoku grid that might not be full.

Input will be a string of 9 lines of 9 characters each, representing the grid. An empty cell will be represented by a .. Your output should be Valid if the grid is valid, otherwise output Invalid.

Example

Input

123...789
...456...
456...123
789...456
...123...
564...897
...231...
897...564
...564...

Output

Valid

Input

123456789
987654321
123456789
123456789
987654321
123456789
123456789
987654321
123456789

Output

Invalid

Code Golf Rules

Please post your shortest code in any language that solves this problem. Input and output may be handled via stdin and stdout or by other files of your choice.

Winner will be the shortest solution (by byte count) in a language with an implementation existing prior to the posting of this question. So while you are free to use a language you've just made up in order to submit a 0-byte solution, it won't count, and you'll probably get downvotes.

Answer 1

Perl: 168 128

$_=join'',<>;@a=/.../g;print+(/(\d)([^\n]{0,8}|(.{10})*.{9})\1/s
+map"@a[$_,$_+3,$_+6]"=~/(\d).*\1/,0..2,9..11,18..20)?Inv:V,alid

The first regex checks for duplicates that are in the same row and column; the second regex handles duplicates in the "same box".

Further improvement is possible by replacing the \n in the first regex with a literal newline (1 char), or with >= Perl 5.12, replacing [^\n] with \N (3 char)

Earlier, 168 char solution: Input is from stdin, output is to stderr because it makes things so easy. Linebreaks are optional and not counted.

$_=join'',<>;$m=alid.$/;$n=Inv.$m;/(\d)(\N{0,8}|(.{10})*.{9})\1/s&&
die$n;@a=/.../g;for$i(0,8,17){for$j($i..$i+2){
$_=$a[$j].$a[$j+3].$a[$j+6];/(\d).*\1/&&die$n}}die"V$m"

Answer 2

Python: 140

v=[(k,c) for y in range(9) for x,c in enumerate(raw_input()) for k in x,y+9,(x/3,y/3) if c>'.']
print["V","Inv"][len(v)>len(set(v))]+"alid"

Answer 3

C: 165 162 161 160 159

int v[1566],x,y=9,c,b;main(){while(y--)for(x=9;x--+1;)if((c
=getchar()*27)>1242)b|=v[x+c]++|v[y+9+c]++|v[x-x%3+y/3+18+c]
++;puts(b?"Invalid":"Valid");return 0;}

The two newlines are not needed. One char saved by josefx :-) ...

Answer 4

Lua, 341 bytes

Although I know that Lua isn't the best golfing language, however, considering it's size, I think it's worth posting it ;). Non-golfed, commented and error-printing version, for extra fun :)

i=io.read("*a"):gsub("\n","")   -- Get input, and strip newlines
a={{},{},{}} -- checking array, 1=row, 2=columns, 3=squares
for k=1,3 do for l=1,9 do a[k][l]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}end end -- fillup array with 0's (just to have non-nils)

for k=1,81 do -- loop over all numbers
    n=tonumber(i:sub(k,k):match'%d') -- get current character, check if it's a digit, and convert to a number
    if n then
        r={math.floor((k-1)/9)+1,(k-1)%9+1} -- Get row and column number
        r[3]=math.floor((r[1]-1)/3)+3*math.floor((r[2]-1)/3)+1 -- Get square number
        for l=1,3 do v=a[l][r[l]] -- 1 = row, 2 = column, 3 = square
            if v[n] then -- not yet eliminated in this row/column/square
                v[n]=nil    
            else
                print("Double "..n.." in "..({"row","column","square"}) [l].." "..r[l]) --error reporting, just for the extra credit :)
                q=1 -- Flag indicating invalidity
            end
        end
    end
end
io.write(q and"In"or"","Valid\n")

Golfed version, 341 bytes

f=math.floor p=io.write i=io.read("*a"):gsub("\n","")a={{},{},{}}for k=1,3 do for l=1,9 do a[k][l]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}end end for k=1,81 do n=tonumber(i:sub(k,k):match'%d')if n then r={f((k-1)/9)+1,(k-1)%9+1}r[3]=f((r[1]-1)/3)+1+3*f((r[2]-1)/3)for l=1,3 do v=a[l][r[l]]if v[n]then v[n]=nil else q=1 end end end end p(q and"In"or"","Valid\n")

Answer 5

Python: 230 221 200 185

First the readable version at len=199:

import sys
r=range(9)
g=[raw_input()for _ in r]
s=[[]for _ in r*3]
for i in r:
 for j in r:
  n=g[i][j]
  for x in i,9+j,18+i/3*3+j/3:
<T>if n in s[x]:sys.exit('Invalid')
<T>if n>'.':s[x]+=n
print'Valid'

Since SO doesn't display tab characters, I've used <T> to represent a single tab character.

PS. the same approach minEvilized down to 185 chars:

r=range(9)
g=[raw_input()for _ in r]
s=['']*27
for i in r:
 for j in r:
    for x in i,9+j,18+i/3*3+j/3:n=g[i][j];s[x]+=n[:n>'.']
print['V','Inv'][any(len(e)>len(set(e))for e in s)]+'alid'

Answer 6

Perl: 202

I'm reading Modern Perl and felt like coding something... (quite a cool book by the way:)

while(<>){$i++;$j=0;for$s(split//){$j++;$l{$i}{$s}++;$c{$j}{$s}++;
$q{(int(($i+2)/3)-1)*3+int(($j+2)/3)}{$s}++}}
$e=V;for$i(1..9){for(1..9){$e=Inv if$l{$i}{$_}>1or$c{$i}{$_}>1or$q{$i}{$_}>1}}
print $e.alid

Count is excluding unnecessary newlines. This may require Perl 5.12.2.

A bit more readable:

#use feature qw(say);
#use JSON;

#$json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;

while(<>)
{
    $i++;
    $j=0;
    for $s (split //)
    {
        $j++;
        $l{$i}{$s}++;
        $c{$j}{$s}++;
        $q{(int(($i+2)/3)-1)*3+int(($j+2)/3)}{$s}++;
    }
}

#say "lines: ", $json->pretty->encode( \%l );
#say "columns: ", $json->pretty->encode( \%c );
#say "squares: ", $json->pretty->encode( \%q );

$e = V;
for $i (1..9)
{
    for (1..9)
    {
        #say "checking {$i}{$_}: " . $l{$i}{$_} . " / " . $c{$i}{$_} . " / " . $q{$i}{$_};
        $e = Inv if $l{$i}{$_} > 1 or $c{$i}{$_} > 1 or $q{$i}{$_} > 1;
    }
}

print $e.alid;