C++: variable 'std::ifstream ifs' has init

Question

Sorry if this is pretty noobish, but I'm pretty new to C++. I'm trying to open a file and read it using ifstream:

vector<string> load_f(string file) {
  vector<string> text;

  ifstream ifs(file);
  string buffer, str_line;

  int brackets = 0;
  str_line = "";

  while ( getline(ifs, buffer) ) {
    buffer = Trim( buffer );
    size_t s = buffer.find_first_of("()");

    if (s == string::npos) str_line += "" + buffer;
    else {
      while ( s != string::npos ) {
        str_line += "" + buffer.substr(0, s + 1);
        brackets += (buffer[s] == '(' ? 1 : -1);

        if ( brackets == 0 ) {
          text.push_back( str_line );
          str_line = "";
        }

        buffer = buffer.substr(s + 1);
        s = buffer.find_first_of("()");
      }
    }
  }

  return text;
}

However, I'm getting the following error I'm not quite sure how to fix:

variable 'std::ifstream ifs' has initializer but incomplete type

Answers very appreciated. Note that I never forgot to #include <fstream>, since many have gotten the error due to just forgetting to include the header.

EDIT:

Turns out that I actually did forget to include fstream, but I had forgotten due to moving the function to another file.

Answer 1

This seems to be answered - #include <fstream>.

The message means :-

incomplete type - the class has not been defined with a full class. The compiler has seen statements such as class ifstream; which allow it to understand that a class exists, but does not know how much memory the class takes up.

The forward declaration allows the compiler to make more sense of :-

void BindInput( ifstream & inputChannel ); 

It understands the class exists, and can send pointers and references through code without being able to create the class, see any data within the class, or call any methods of the class.

The has initializer seems a bit extraneous, but is saying that the incomplete object is being created.