How do I install cygwin components from the comman

Question

Is there a tool in the Cygwin package similar to apt-get on Debian or yum on redhat that allows me to install components from the command line?

Answer 1

There exist some scripts, which can be used as simple package managers for Cygwin. But it’s important to know, that they always will be quite limited, because of...ehm...Windows.

Installing or removing packages is fine, each package manager for Cygwin can do that. But updating is a pain since Windows doesn’t allow you to overwrite an executable, which is currently running. So you can’t update e.g. Cygwin DLL or any package which contains the currently running executable from the Cygwin itself. There is also this note on the Cygwin Installation page:

"The basic reason for not having a more full-featured package manager is that such a program would need full access to all of Cygwin’s POSIX functionality. That is, however, difficult to provide in a Cygwin-free environment, such as exists on first installation. Additionally, Windows does not easily allow overwriting of in-use executables so installing a new version of the Cygwin DLL while a package manager is using the DLL is problematic."

Cygwin’s setup uses Windows registry to overwrite executables which are in use and this method requires a reboot of Windows. Therefore, it’s better to close all Cygwin processes before updating packages, so you don’t have to reboot your computer to actually apply the changes. Installation of a new package should be completely without any hassles. I don’t think any of package managers except of Cygwin’s setup.exe implements any method to overwrite files in use, so it would simply fail if it cannot overwrite them.

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Some package managers for Cygwin:

apt-cyg

Update: the repository was disabled recently due to copyright issues (DMCA takedown). It looks like the owner of the repository issued the DMCA takedown on his own repository and created a new project called Sage (see bellow).

The best one for me. Simply because it’s one of the most recent. It doesn’t use Cygwin’s setup.exe, it rather re-implements, what setup.exe does. It works correctly for both platforms - x86 as well as x86_64. There are a lot of forks with more or less additional features. For example, the kou1okada fork is one of the improved versions, which is really great.

apt-cyg is just a shell script, there is no installation. Just download it (or clone the repository), make it executable and copy it somewhere to the PATH:

chmod +x apt-cyg # set executable bit
mv apt-cyg /usr/local/bin # move somewhere to PATH
# ...and use it:
apt-cyg install vim

There is also bunch of forks with different features.

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sage

Another package manager implemented as a shell script. I didn't try it but it actually looks good.

It can search for packages in a repository, list packages in a category, check dependencies, list package files, and more. It has features which other package managers don't have.

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cyg-apt

Fork of abandoned original cyg-apt with improvements and bugfixes. It has quite a lot of features and it's implemented in Python. Installation is made using make.

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Chocolatey’s cyg-get

If you used Chocolatey to install Cygwin, you can install the package cyg-get, which is actually a simple wrapper around Cygwin’s setup.exe written in PowerShell.

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Cygwin’s setup.exe

It also has a command line mode. Moreover, it allows you to upgrade all installed packages at once (as apt-get upgrade does on Debian based Linux).

Example use:

setup-x86_64.exe -q --packages=bash,vim

You can create an alias for easier use, for example:

alias cyg-get="/cygdrive/d/path/to/cygwin/setup-x86_64.exe -q -P"

Then you can, for example, install Vim package with:

cyg-get vim

Answer 2

I wanted a solution for this similar to apt-get --print-uris, but unfortunately apt-cyg doesn't do this. The following is a solution that allowed me to download only the packages I needed, with their dependencies, and copy them to the target for installation. Here is a bash script that parses the output of apt-cyg into a list of URIs:

#!/usr/bin/bash

package=$1
depends=$( \
    apt-cyg depends $package \
    | perl -ne 'while ($x = /> ([^>\s]+)/g) { print "$1\n"; }' \
    | sort \
    | uniq)
depends=$(echo -e "$depends\n$package")
for curpkg in $depends; do
    if ! grep -q "^$curpkg " /etc/setup/installed.db; then
    apt-cyg show $curpkg \
        | perl -ne '
            if ($x = /install: ([^\s]+)/) { 
                print "$1\n"; 
            }
            if (/\[prev\]/) { 
                exit; 
            }'
    fi
done

The above will print out the paths of the packages that need downloading, relative to the cygwin mirror root, omitting any packages that are already installed. To download them, I wrote the output to a file cygwin-packages-list and then used wget:

mirror=http://cygwin.mirror.constant.com/
uris=$(for line in $(cat cygwin-packages-list); do echo "$mirror$line"; done)
wget -x $uris

The installer can then be used to install from a local cache directory. Note that for this to work I needed to copy setup.ini from a previous cygwin package cache to the directory with the downloaded files (otherwise the installer doesn't know what's what).

Answer 3

Old question, but still relevant. Here is what worked for me today (6/26/16).

From the bash shell:

lynx -source rawgit.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/master/apt-cyg > apt-cyg
install apt-cyg /bin