Aborting a shell script if any command returns a n

Question

I have a Bash shell script that invokes a number of commands. I would like to have the shell script automatically exit with a return value of 1 if any of the commands return a non-zero value.

Is this possible without explicitly checking the result of each command?

e.g.

dosomething1
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
    exit 1
fi

dosomething2
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
    exit 1
fi

Answer 1

Add this to the beginning of the script:

set -e

This will cause the shell to exit immediately if a simple command exits with a nonzero exit value. A simple command is any command not part of an if, while, or until test, or part of an && or || list.

See the bash(1) man page on the "set" internal command for more details.

I personally start almost all shell scripts with "set -e". It's really annoying to have a script stubbornly continue when something fails in the middle and breaks assumptions for the rest of the script.

Answer 2

The if statements in your example are unnecessary. Just do it like this:

dosomething1 || exit 1

If you take Ville Laurikari's advice and use set -e then for some commands you may need to use this:

dosomething || true

The || true will make the command pipeline have a true return value even if the command fails so the the -e option will not kill the script.

Answer 3

To add to the accepted answer:

Bear in mind that set -e sometimes is not enough, specially if you have pipes.

For example, suppose you have this script

#!/bin/bash
set -e 
./configure  > configure.log
make

... which works as expected: an error in configure aborts the execution.

Tomorrow you make a seemingly trivial change:

#!/bin/bash
set -e 
./configure  | tee configure.log
make

... and now it does not work. This is explained here, and a workaround (Bash only) is provided:

#!/bin/bash
set -e 
set -o pipefail

./configure  | tee configure.log
make

Answer 4

#!/bin/bash -e

should suffice.

Answer 5

An expression like

dosomething1 && dosomething2 && dosomething3

will stop processing when one of the commands returns with a non-zero value. For example, the following command will never print "done":

cat nosuchfile && echo "done"
echo $?
1

Answer 6

The $? variable is rarely needed. The pseudo-idiom command; if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then X; fi should always be written as if command; then X; fi.

The cases where $? is required is when it needs to be checked against multiple values:

command
case $? in
  (0) X;;
  (1) Y;;
  (2) Z;;
esac

or when $? needs to be reused or otherwise manipulated:

if command; then
  echo "command successful" >&2
else
  ret=$?
  echo "command failed with exit code $ret" >&2
  exit $ret
fi