The _bin_DeployableAssemblies folder was added in VS 2010 SP1 as a common way to pull in assemblies for which no hard dependency exists.
I believe it was originally added as a way to allow folks to bin-deploy MVC, but it seems useful in environments outside of web applications. In particular, a lot of inversion of control scenarios will result in loosely coupled components that don't require a hard reference, but still require dependent assemblies to be located (usually in the bin directory).
I searched through the .targets files on my system, but the only references to _bin_DeployableAssemblies is in web-related targets. This seems short-sighted and I'm curious if anyone knows why Microsoft would not include this functionality for other application types.