How to concatenate a std::string and an int?

Question

I thought this would be really simple but it's presenting some difficulties. If I have

std::string name = "John";
int age = 21;

How do I combine them to get a single string "John21"?

Answer 1

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
string concatenate(std::string const& name, int i)
{
    stringstream s;
    s << name << i;
    return s.str();
}

Answer 2

This problem can be done in many ways. I will show it in two ways:

1. Convert the number to string using to_string(i).

2. Using string streams.

   Code:

   #include <string>
   #include <sstream>
   #include <bits/stdc++.h>
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   int main() {
       string name = "John";
       int age = 21;
   
       string answer1 = "";
       // Method 1). string s1 = to_string(age).
   
       string s1=to_string(age); // Know the integer get converted into string
       // where as we know that concatenation can easily be done using '+' in C++
   
       answer1 = name + s1;
   
       cout << answer1 << endl;
   
       // Method 2). Using string streams
   
       ostringstream s2;
   
       s2 << age;
   
       string s3 = s2.str(); // The str() function will convert a number into a string
   
       string answer2 = "";  // For concatenation of strings.
   
       answer2 = name + s3;
   
       cout << answer2 << endl;
   
       return 0;
   }
   

// Hope it helps

Answer 3

Here is an implementation of how to append an int to a string using the parsing and formatting facets from the IOStreams library.

#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
#include <string>

template <class Facet>
struct erasable_facet : Facet
{
    erasable_facet() : Facet(1) { }
    ~erasable_facet() { }
};

void append_int(std::string& s, int n)
{
    erasable_facet<std::num_put<char,
                                std::back_insert_iterator<std::string>>> facet;
    std::ios str(nullptr);

    facet.put(std::back_inserter(s), str,
                                     str.fill(), static_cast<unsigned long>(n));
}

int main()
{
    std::string str = "ID: ";
    int id = 123;

    append_int(str, id);

    std::cout << str; // ID: 123
}

Answer 4

Another easy way of doing it is:

name.append(age+"");
cout << name;

Answer 5

I am a beginner C++ user and found this the easiest way:

cout << name << age; 

This will successfully concatenate name and age, the the output will be "John21."

However there has to be a reason nobody said this; I think there may be a flaw in it although I haven't experienced any so far.

EDIT: I have realized that this is not necessarily the right answer, however I will keep it here in case any C++ beginners would like to know how to output concatenated strings.

Answer 6

The std::ostringstream is a good method, but sometimes this additional trick might get handy transforming the formatting to a one-liner:

#include <sstream>
#define MAKE_STRING(tokens) /****************/ \
    static_cast<std::ostringstream&>(          \
        std::ostringstream().flush() << tokens \
    ).str()                                    \
    /**/

Now you can format strings like this:

int main() {
    int i = 123;
    std::string message = MAKE_STRING("i = " << i);
    std::cout << message << std::endl; // prints: "i = 123"
}