Quicksort with Python

Question

I am totally new to python and I am trying to implement quicksort in it. Could someone please help me complete my code?

I do not know how to concatenate the three arrays and printing them.

def sort(array=[12,4,5,6,7,3,1,15]):
    less = []
    equal = []
    greater = []

    if len(array) > 1:
        pivot = array[0]
        for x in array:
            if x < pivot:
                less.append(x)
            if x == pivot:
                equal.append(x)
            if x > pivot:
                greater.append(x)
            sort(less)
            sort(pivot)
            sort(greater)

Answer 1

Full example with printed variables at partition step:

def partition(data, p, right):
    print("\n==> Enter partition: p={}, right={}".format(p, right))
    pivot = data[right]
    print("pivot = data[{}] = {}".format(right, pivot))

    i = p - 1  # this is a dangerous line

    for j in range(p, right):
        print("j: {}".format(j))
        if data[j] <= pivot:
            i = i + 1
            print("new i: {}".format(i))
            print("swap: {} <-> {}".format(data[i], data[j]))
            data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]

    print("swap2: {} <-> {}".format(data[i + 1], data[right]))
    data[i + 1], data[right] = data[right], data[i + 1]
    return i + 1


def quick_sort(data, left, right):
    if left < right:
        pivot = partition(data, left, right)
        quick_sort(data, left, pivot - 1)
        quick_sort(data, pivot + 1, right)

data = [2, 8, 7, 1, 3, 5, 6, 4]

print("Input array: {}".format(data))
quick_sort(data, 0, len(data) - 1)
print("Output array: {}".format(data))

Answer 2

Partition - Split an array by a pivot that smaller elements move to the left and greater elemets move to the right or vice versa. A pivot can be an random element from an array. To make this algorith we need to know what is begin and end index of an array and where is a pivot. Then set two auxiliary pointers L, R.

So we have an array user[...,begin,...,end,...]

The start position of L and R pointers
[...,begin,next,...,end,...]
     R       L

while L < end
  1. If a user[pivot] > user[L] then move R by one and swap user[R] with user[L]
  2. move L by one

After while swap user[R] with user[pivot]

Quick sort - Use the partition algorithm until every next part of the split by a pivot will have begin index greater or equals than end index.

def qsort(user, begin, end):

    if begin >= end:
        return

    # partition
    # pivot = begin
    L = begin+1
    R = begin
    while L < end:
        if user[begin] > user[L]:
            R+=1
            user[R], user[L] = user[L], user[R]
        L+= 1
    user[R], user[begin] = user[begin], user[R]

    qsort(user, 0, R)
    qsort(user, R+1, end)

tests = [
    {'sample':[1],'answer':[1]},
    {'sample':[3,9],'answer':[3,9]},
    {'sample':[1,8,1],'answer':[1,1,8]},
    {'sample':[7,5,5,1],'answer':[1,5,5,7]},
    {'sample':[4,10,5,9,3],'answer':[3,4,5,9,10]},
    {'sample':[6,6,3,8,7,7],'answer':[3,6,6,7,7,8]},
    {'sample':[3,6,7,2,4,5,4],'answer':[2,3,4,4,5,6,7]},
    {'sample':[1,5,6,1,9,0,7,4],'answer':[0,1,1,4,5,6,7,9]},
    {'sample':[0,9,5,2,2,5,8,3,8],'answer':[0,2,2,3,5,5,8,8,9]},
    {'sample':[2,5,3,3,2,0,9,0,0,7],'answer':[0,0,0,2,2,3,3,5,7,9]}
]

for test in tests:

    sample = test['sample'][:]
    answer = test['answer']

    qsort(sample,0,len(sample))

    print(sample == answer)

Answer 3

Here's an easy implementation:-

def quicksort(array):
            if len(array) < 2:
                  return array
            else:
                  pivot= array[0]
                  less = [i for i in array[1:] if i <= pivot]

                  greater = [i for i in array[1:] if i > pivot]

                  return quicksort(less) + [pivot] + quicksort(greater)

print(quicksort([10, 5, 2, 3]))

Answer 4

For Version Python 3.x: a functional-style using operator module, primarily to improve readability.

from operator import ge as greater, lt as lesser

def qsort(L): 
    if len(L) <= 1: return L
    pivot   = L[0]
    sublist = lambda op: [*filter(lambda num: op(num, pivot), L[1:])]

    return qsort(sublist(lesser))+ [pivot] + qsort(sublist(greater))

and is tested as

print (qsort([3,1,4,2,5]) == [1,2,3,4,5])

Answer 5

def quick_sort(list):
    if len(list) ==0:
        return []

    return  quick_sort(filter( lambda item: item < list[0],list)) + [v for v in list if v==list[0] ]  +  quick_sort( filter( lambda item: item > list[0], list))

Answer 6

def quick_sort(l):
    if len(l) == 0:
        return l
    pivot = l[0]
    pivots = [x for x in l if x == pivot]
    smaller = quick_sort([x for x in l if x < pivot])
    larger = quick_sort([x for x in l if x > pivot])
    return smaller + pivots + larger