Equivalents to SQL Server TOP

Question

In SQL Server, TOP may be used to return the first n number of rows in a query. For example,

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM users ORDER BY id

might be used to return the first 100 people that registered for a site. (This is not necessarily the best way, I am just using it as an example).

My question is - What is the equivalent to TOP in other databases, such as Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc? If there is not an equivalent keyword, what workarounds can you recommend to achieve the same result?

Answer 1

In SQL Anywhere, it's the same as SQL Server:

SELECT TOP 100 * FROM users ORDER BY id

You can even start in the middle of the result set if you want:

SELECT TOP 100 START AT 50 * FROM users ORDER BY id

gets the 50th through 150th rows of the result set.

Answer 2

You can use RANK() and DENSE_RANK() in Oracle. Here is a link to AskTom website explaining how to to pagination and top-n queries with DENSE_RANK in Oracle.

Answer 3

For Postgres and MySQL it's the LIMIT keyword.

SELECT *
  FROM users
 ORDER BY id
 LIMIT 100;

Answer 4

To select first 100 rows:

MySQL and PostgreSQL:

SELECT  *
FROM    Table
ORDER BY
        column
LIMIT 100

Oracle:

SELECT  *
FROM    (
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    table
        ORDER BY
                column
        )
WHERE   rownum <= 100

Note that you need a subquery here. If you don't add a subquery, ROWNUM will select first 10 rows in random order and then sort them by column.

To select rows between 100 and 300:

MySQL:

SELECT  *
FROM    TABLE
ORDER BY
        column
LIMIT   100, 200

PostgreSQL:

SELECT  *
FROM    Table
ORDER BY
        column
OFFSET 100 LIMIT 200

Oracle:

SELECT  *
FROM    (
        SELECT  t.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORER BY column) AS rn
        FROM    table
        )
WHERE   rn >= 100
        AND rownum <= 200

Note that an attempt to simplify it with ROWNUM BETWEEN 100 AND 200 (as opposed to rn BETWEEN 100 AND 200 in the outer query) will return nothing in Oracle!

RN BETWEEN 100 AND 200 will work in Oracle too but is less efficient.

See the article in my blog for performance details:

• Oracle: ROW_NUMBER vs ROWNUM

Answer 5

LIMIT 100

as in

SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY bar LIMIT 100

Answer 6

Oracle:

select * from (select * from foo ORDER BY bar) where rownum < 100

With a nice explanation on how to make it work in AskTom.

In Ingres the same query would by:

select First 100 * from foo ORDER BY bar

Ingres question was already answered in StackOverflow before.