Fast replacement of values in a numpy array

Question

I have a very large numpy array (containing up to a million elements) like the one below:

[ 0  1  6  5  1  2  7  6  2  3  8  7  3  4  9  8  5  6 11 10  6  7 12 11  7
  8 13 12  8  9 14 13 10 11 16 15 11 12 17 16 12 13 18 17 13 14 19 18 15 16
 21 20 16 17 22 21 17 18 23 22 18 19 24 23]

and a small dictionary map for replacing some of the elements in the above array

{4: 0, 9: 5, 14: 10, 19: 15, 20: 0, 21: 1, 22: 2, 23: 3, 24: 0}

I would like to replace some of the elements according to the map above. The numpy array is really large, and only a small subset of the elements (occurring as keys in the dictionary) will be replaced with the corresponding values. What is the fastest way to do this?

Answer 1

Well, you need to make one pass through theArray, and for each element replace it if it is in the dictionary.

for i in xrange( len( theArray ) ):
    if foo[ i ] in dict:
        foo[ i ] = dict[ foo[ i ] ]

Answer 2

for i in xrange(len(the_array)):
    the_array[i] = the_dict.get(the_array[i], the_array[i])

Answer 3

Another more general way to achieve this is function vectorization:

import numpy as np

data = np.array([0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 7, 6, 2, 3, 8, 7, 3, 4, 9, 8, 5, 6, 11, 10, 6, 7, 12, 11, 7, 8, 13, 12, 8, 9, 14, 13, 10, 11, 16, 15, 11, 12, 17, 16, 12, 13, 18, 17, 13, 14, 19, 18, 15, 16, 21, 20, 16, 17, 22, 21, 17, 18, 23, 22, 18, 19, 24, 23])
mapper_dict = {4: 0, 9: 5, 14: 10, 19: 15, 20: 0, 21: 1, 22: 2, 23: 3, 24: 0}

def mp(entry):
    return mapper_dict[entry] if entry in mapper_dict else entry
mp = np.vectorize(mp)

print mp(data)

Answer 4

No solution was posted still without a python loop on the array (except Celil's one, which however assume numbers are "small"), so here is an alternative:

def replace(arr, rep_dict):
    """Assumes all elements of "arr" are keys of rep_dict"""

    # Removing the explicit "list" breaks python3
    rep_keys, rep_vals = array(list(zip(*sorted(rep_dict.items()))))

    idces = digitize(arr, rep_keys, right=True)
    # Notice rep_keys[digitize(arr, rep_keys, right=True)] == arr

    return rep_vals[idces]

the way "idces" is created comes from here.