Storing unicode UTF-8 string in std::string

Question

In response to discussion in

Cross-platform strings (and Unicode) in C++

How to deal with Unicode strings in C/C++ in a cross-platform friendly way?

I'm trying to assign a UTF-8 string to a std::string variable in Visual Studio 2010 environment

std::string msg = "महसुस";

However, when I view the string view debugger, I only see "?????" I have the file saved as Unicode (UTF-8 with Signature) and i'm using character set "use unicode character set"

"महसुस" is a nepali language and it contains 5 characters and will occupy 15 bytes. But visual studio debugger shows msg size as 5

My question is:

How do I use std::string to just store the utf-8 without needing to manipulate it?

Answer 1

If you were using C++11 then this would be easy:

std::string msg = u8"महसुस";

But since you are not, you can use escape sequences and not rely on the source file's charset to manage the encoding for you, this way your code is more portable (in case you accidentally save it in a non-UTF8 format):

std::string msg = "\xE0\xA4\xAE\xE0\xA4\xB9\xE0\xA4\xB8\xE0\xA5\x81\xE0\xA4\xB8"; // "महसुस"

Otherwise, you might consider doing a conversion at runtime instead:

std::string toUtf8(const std::wstring &str)
{
    std::string ret;
    int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), str.length(), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
    if (len > 0)
    {
        ret.resize(len);
        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), str.length(), &ret[0], len, NULL, NULL);
    }
    return ret;
}

std::string msg = toUtf8(L"महसुस");

Answer 2

If you set the system locale to English, and the file is in UTF-8 without BOM, VC will let you store the string as-is. I have written an article about this here.

Answer 3

There is a way to display the right values thanks to the ‘s8′ format specifier. If we append ‘,s8′ to the variable names, Visual Studio reparses the text in UTF-8 and renders the text correctly:

In case, you are using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1, you need to apply hotfix

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/980263

Answer 4

If you have C++11, you can write u8"महसुस". Otherwise, you'll have to write the actual byte sequence, using \xxx for each byte in the UTF-8 sequence.

Typically, you're better off reading such text from a configuration file.

Answer 5

You can write msg.c_str(), s8 in the Watches window to see the UTF-8 string correctly.