What limitations have closures in Python compared

Question

Where X is any programming language (C#, Javascript, Lisp, Perl, Ruby, Scheme, etc) which supports some flavour of closures.

Some limitations are mentioned in the Closures in Python (compared to Ruby's closures), but the article is old and many limitations do not exist in modern Python any more.

Seeing a code example for a concrete limitation would be great.

Related questions:

• Can you explain closures (as they relate to Python)?
• What is a ‘Closure’?
• How does a javascript closure work ?

Answer 1

Fixed in Python 3 via the nonlocal statement:

The nonlocal statement causes the listed identifiers to refer to previously bound variables in the nearest enclosing scope excluding globals. This is important because the default behavior for binding is to search the local namespace first. The statement allows encapsulated code to rebind variables outside of the local scope besides the global (module) scope.