Warning message: In `…` : invalid factor level, NA

Question

I don't understand why I got this warning message.

> fixed <- data.frame("Type" = character(3), "Amount" = numeric(3))
> fixed[1, ] <- c("lunch", 100)
Warning message:
In `[<-.factor`(`*tmp*`, iseq, value = "lunch") :
  invalid factor level, NA generated
> fixed
  Type Amount
1 <NA>    100
2           0
3           0

Answer 1

If you are reading directly from CSV file then do like this.

myDataFrame <- read.csv("path/to/file.csv", header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

Answer 2

The easiest way to fix this is to add a new factor to your column. Use the levels function to determine how many factors you have and then add a new factor.

    > levels(data$Fireplace.Qu)
    [1] "Ex" "Fa" "Gd" "Po" "TA"
    > levels(data$Fireplace.Qu) = c("Ex", "Fa", "Gd", "Po", "TA", "None")
    [1] "Ex"   "Fa"   "Gd"   "Po"   " TA"  "None"

Answer 3

The warning message is because your "Type" variable was made a factor and "lunch" was not a defined level. Use the stringsAsFactors = FALSE flag when making your data frame to force "Type" to be a character.

> fixed <- data.frame("Type" = character(3), "Amount" = numeric(3))
> str(fixed)
'data.frame':   3 obs. of  2 variables:
 $ Type  : Factor w/ 1 level "": NA 1 1
 $ Amount: chr  "100" "0" "0"
> 
> fixed <- data.frame("Type" = character(3), "Amount" = numeric(3),stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> fixed[1, ] <- c("lunch", 100)
> str(fixed)
'data.frame':   3 obs. of  2 variables:
 $ Type  : chr  "lunch" "" ""
 $ Amount: chr  "100" "0" "0"

Answer 4

Here is a flexible approach, it can be used in all cases, in particular:

1. to affect only one column, or
2. the dataframe has been obtained from applying previous operations (e.g. not immediately opening a file, or creating a new data frame).

---

First, un-factorize a string using the as.character function, and, then, re-factorize with the as.factor (or simply factor) function:

fixed <- data.frame("Type" = character(3), "Amount" = numeric(3))

# Un-factorize (as.numeric can be use for numeric values)
#              (as.vector  can be use for objects - not tested)
fixed$Type <- as.character(fixed$Type)
fixed[1, ] <- c("lunch", 100)

# Re-factorize with the as.factor function or simple factor(fixed$Type)
fixed$Type <- as.factor(fixed$Type)