for loop using lambda expression in JAVA

Question

My Code:

List<Integer> ints = Stream.of(1,2,4,3,5).collect(Collectors.toList());
ints.forEach((i)-> System.out.print(ints.get(i-1)+ " "));

out put:

1 2 3 4 5

my question is why i must be i-1 inside the get method? does i-1 prevent the out of boundary issue?

Does below code acts like the for loop iteration?

(i)-> System.out.print(ints.get(i-1))

so is above code equal to this

for(Ineger i:ints)
   System.out.print(ints.get(i));

Answer 1

List indexes in Java are 0-based.

Therefore:

ints.get(0) == 1;
ints.get(1) == 2;
ints.get(2) == 3;
//etc...

You're calling ints.get(i-1) for each "i" where "i" is equal to the value of each element in the list "ints".

If you were to call ints.get(i) you'd be fetching elements with indices equal to 1,2,3,4 and 5 and 5 wouldn't be a valid index into a list with 5 elements.

---

This code:

ints.forEach((i)-> System.out.print(ints.get(i-1)+ " "));

is equivalent to:

for(int i : ints ) {
    System.out.print(ints.get(i-1) + " ");
}

Your examples aren't equivalent.

Answer 2

The lambda parameter i takes the value of the items in the collection, not the indexes. You are subtracting 1 because the values happen to be one greater than their index.

If you tried with

List<Integer> ints = Stream.of(10,20,40,30,50).collect(Collectors.toList());
ints.forEach((i)-> System.out.print(ints.get(i-1)+ " "));

You would find the code does not work so well.

You should be able to simply do (not needing to do a get call)

ints.forEach((i)-> System.out.print(i + " "));

---

Your lambda and your proposed for loop are not equivalent.

ints.forEach((i)-> System.out.print(ints.get(i-1)))

Would be equivalent to

for(Integer i:ints)
   System.out.print(ints.get(i-1));

Note the preservation of the minus 1.

---

In response to the comment:

Lambdas are not loops, they are functions (effectively anyway). In your first example the forEach method is what provides the looping functionality. The argument lambda is what it should do on each iteration. This is equivalent to the body of your for loop

In the example in the comment, max is the function that provides the loop like behavior. It will iterate (do a loop) of the items to find the maximum value). The lambda you provide i -> i would be an identity function. It takes one parameter and returns that object unmodified.

Suppose you had a more complex object and you wanted to compare them on a particular member such as GetHighScore(). Then you could use i -> i.GetHighScore() to get the object with the highest score.