I'm interested in UI testing a client only Java application. What is the most popular framework for doing so? What is your recommended framework? Also, why doesn't Selenium do this (or does it)? It seems to me that anything that can test a web app should be able to test a windows app.
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We use TestComplete.
uispec4j is an open-source alternative. I haven't tried it yet, though. (I'm currently collecting lists of things to try as well, so thanks for asking the question!)
Try Sikuli
Sikuli is a technology born in MIT UI Design group that allows to automate computer operations using computer vision. Computer vision recognizes patterns from screenshots of graphical user interfaces (GUI) and Jython script language is used to take actions on them. Language includes graphical elements and is best edited with IDE that comes with the software. Sikuli can be used for automated software testing, like Selenium is used to control a web page, it can control pretty much any interface that it can recognize and click or enter text - PC (Windows, Mac OS X and Linux) applications, and even an iPhone or Android application running in a simulator or via VNC.
You can also use Sikuli Java API
Sikuli API for Java provides image-based GUI automation functionalities to Java programmers. It is created and will be actively maintained by Sikuli Lab. This new Java library has a re-designed API and includes several new functions that were not available in the original Sikuli Script, such as the abilities to match colors, handle events, and find geometric patterns such as rectangular buttons. Moreover, it has a greatly simplified build process based on Maven.
The answer is: "Mercury winrunner", which was hugely popular in the late 90s, and which is probably still widely used for win apps.
Not sold as such anymore, but if I'm not mistaken now available as HP QuickTest Professional. See the wikipedia page on HPQTP.
Its now became HP Unified Functional Testing(UFT)2
Try FEST framework. This is what was previously known as Abbot, if I'm not mistaken. I use this for automated testing and it seems to be very simple and convenient. Simple things are made easy and complex things are not a rocket science there. I considered UISpecj4j, but it didn't suite me, because there is no technical possibility to test Drag'n'Drop while it's a must. Besides it's quite difficult to develop tests when you don't actually see what's happening (UISpec4J uses fake, invisible look'n'feel)
The only thing is making troubles in FEST (also, by design) - it grabs a mouse and doesn't let you do anything while it running a test.
If you are looking for an open-source tool, have a look at Marathon. It lets you record and play back tests, generate reports, and integrate your own code for testing custom components. I've been using it for several years and have hundreds of tests.
There is also a commercial version with more features, but I have not tried it. The open-source version works great for me.