How to iterate through Hash (of Hashes) in Perl?

Question

I have Hash where values of keys are other Hashes.

Example: {'key' => {'key2' => {'key3' => 'value'}}}

How can I iterate through this structure?

Answer 1

This is not really a new answer but I wanted to share how to do more than just print all the hash values recursively but also to modify them if needed.

Here is my ever so slight modification of the dave4420's answer in which the value is passed to the callback as a reference so my callback routine could then modify every value in the hash.

I also had to rebuild the hash as the while each loop creates copies not references.

sub hash_walk {
   my $self = shift;
    my ($hash, $key_list, $callback) = @_;
    while (my ($k, $v) = each %$hash) {
        # Keep track of the hierarchy of keys, in case
        # our callback needs it.
        push @$key_list, $k;

        if (ref($v) eq 'HASH') {
            # Recurse.
            $self->hash_walk($v, $key_list, $callback);
        }
        else {
            # Otherwise, invoke our callback, passing it
            # the current key and value, along with the
            # full parentage of that key.
            $callback->($k, \$v, $key_list);
        }

        pop @$key_list;
        # Replace old hash values with the new ones
        $hash->{$k} = $v;
    }
}

hash_walk(\%prj, [], \&replace_all_val_strings);

sub replace_all_val_strings {
    my ($k, $v, $key_list) = @_;
    printf "k = %-8s  v = %-4s  key_list = [%s]\n", $k, $$v, "@$key_list";
    $$v =~ s/oldstr/newstr/;
    printf "k = %-8s  v = %-4s  key_list = [%s]\n", $k, $$v, "@$key_list";
}

Answer 2

Is this what you want? (untested)

sub for_hash {
    my ($hash, $fn) = @_;
    while (my ($key, $value) = each %$hash) {
        if ('HASH' eq ref $value) {
            for_hash $value, $fn;
        }
        else {
            $fn->($value);
        }
    }
}

my $example = {'key' => {'key2' => {'key3' => 'value'}}};
for_hash $example, sub {
    my ($value) = @_;
    # Do something with $value...
};

Answer 3

This post may be useful.

foreach my $key (keys %hash) {
    foreach my $key2 (keys %{ $hash{$key} }) {
        foreach my $key3 (keys %{ $hash{$key}{$key2} }) {
            $value = $hash{$key}{$key2}->{$key3};
            # .
            # .
            # Do something with $value
            # .
            # .
            # .
        }
    }
}