Using a pre-trained word embedding (word2vec or Gl

Question

I've recently reviewed an interesting implementation for convolutional text classification. However all TensorFlow code I've reviewed uses a random (not pre-trained) embedding vectors like the following:

with tf.device('/cpu:0'), tf.name_scope("embedding"):
    W = tf.Variable(
        tf.random_uniform([vocab_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0),
        name="W")
    self.embedded_chars = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(W, self.input_x)
    self.embedded_chars_expanded = tf.expand_dims(self.embedded_chars, -1)

Does anybody know how to use the results of Word2vec or a GloVe pre-trained word embedding instead of a random one?

Answer 1

I use this method to load and share embedding.

W = tf.get_variable(name="W", shape=embedding.shape, initializer=tf.constant_initializer(embedding), trainable=False)

Answer 2

The answer of @mrry is not right because it provoques the overwriting of the embeddings weights each the network is run, so if you are following a minibatch approach to train your network, you are overwriting the weights of the embeddings. So, on my point of view the right way to pre-trained embeddings is:

embeddings = tf.get_variable("embeddings", shape=[dim1, dim2], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(np.array(embeddings_matrix))

Answer 3

I was also facing embedding issue, So i wrote detailed tutorial with dataset. Here I would like to add what I tried You can also try this method,

import tensorflow as tf

tf.reset_default_graph()

input_x=tf.placeholder(tf.int32,shape=[None,None])

#you have to edit shape according to your embedding size


Word_embedding = tf.get_variable(name="W", shape=[400000,100], initializer=tf.constant_initializer(np.array(word_embedding)), trainable=False)
embedding_loopup= tf.nn.embedding_lookup(Word_embedding,input_x)

with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        for ii in final_:
            print(sess.run(embedding_loopup,feed_dict={input_x:[ii]}))

Here is working detailed Tutorial Ipython example if you want to understand from scratch , take a look .

Answer 4

There are a few ways that you can use a pre-trained embedding in TensorFlow. Let's say that you have the embedding in a NumPy array called embedding, with vocab_size rows and embedding_dim columns and you want to create a tensor W that can be used in a call to tf.nn.embedding_lookup().

1. Simply create W as a tf.constant() that takes embedding as its value:

   W = tf.constant(embedding, name="W")
   

   This is the easiest approach, but it is not memory efficient because the value of a tf.constant() is stored multiple times in memory. Since embedding can be very large, you should only use this approach for toy examples.

2. Create W as a tf.Variable and initialize it from the NumPy array via a tf.placeholder():

   W = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[vocab_size, embedding_dim]),
                   trainable=False, name="W")
   
   embedding_placeholder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [vocab_size, embedding_dim])
   embedding_init = W.assign(embedding_placeholder)
   
   # ...
   sess = tf.Session()
   
   sess.run(embedding_init, feed_dict={embedding_placeholder: embedding})
   

   This avoid storing a copy of embedding in the graph, but it does require enough memory to keep two copies of the matrix in memory at once (one for the NumPy array, and one for the tf.Variable). Note that I've assumed that you want to hold the embedding matrix constant during training, so W is created with trainable=False.

3. If the embedding was trained as part of another TensorFlow model, you can use a tf.train.Saver to load the value from the other model's checkpoint file. This means that the embedding matrix can bypass Python altogether. Create W as in option 2, then do the following:

   W = tf.Variable(...)
   
   embedding_saver = tf.train.Saver({"name_of_variable_in_other_model": W})
   
   # ...
   sess = tf.Session()
   embedding_saver.restore(sess, "checkpoint_filename.ckpt")