how to draw grid using html5 and (canvas or svg)

2019-01-20 22:41发布

站内问答 / Html5
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I want to draw a grid as shown in image but I totally don't have idea that where should I begin. Should I use SVG or should I use Canvas with HTML5 and how to draw it.
Please guide on this. I want this grid to draw rectangle, circle or other diagrams on it and I will calculate area of that diagram like area of square.

enter image description here

4条回答
Viruses.
2楼-- · 2019-01-20 23:20

I am posting my code using canvas here on SO but I am also creating a working sample on JSFiddle here.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>StackOverflow test bed</title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function drawGrid() {
            var cnv = document.getElementById("cnv");

            var gridOptions = {
                minorLines: {
                    separation: 5,
                    color: '#00FF00'
                },
                majorLines: {
                    separation: 30,
                    color: '#FF0000'
                }
            };

            drawGridLines(cnv, gridOptions.minorLines);
            drawGridLines(cnv, gridOptions.majorLines);

            return;
        }

        function drawGridLines(cnv, lineOptions) {


            var iWidth = cnv.width;
            var iHeight = cnv.height;

            var ctx = cnv.getContext('2d');

            ctx.strokeStyle = lineOptions.color;
            ctx.strokeWidth = 1;

            ctx.beginPath();

            var iCount = null;
            var i = null;
            var x = null;
            var y = null;

            iCount = Math.floor(iWidth / lineOptions.separation);

            for (i = 1; i <= iCount; i++) {
                x = (i * lineOptions.separation);
                ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                ctx.lineTo(x, iHeight);
                ctx.stroke();
            }


            iCount = Math.floor(iHeight / lineOptions.separation);

            for (i = 1; i <= iCount; i++) {
                y = (i * lineOptions.separation);
                ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                ctx.lineTo(iWidth, y);
                ctx.stroke();
            }

            ctx.closePath();

            return;
        }

    </script>
</head>
<body onload="drawGrid()">
    <canvas id="cnv" width="500" height="500"></canvas>
</body>
</html>

Using the canvas approach you can make the grid size dynamic by changing the separation parameter.

However, if your grid size is going to be static I feel that maybe you don't need to draw the grid. Just for the sake of displaying a grid to the user you could use CSS to repeat a background image as demonstrated in the fiddle here. That will also be good on page performance.

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Emotional °昔
3楼-- · 2019-01-20 23:22

SVG can do this nicely using patterns:

<svg width="100%" height="100%" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <defs>
    <pattern id="smallGrid" width="8" height="8" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <path d="M 8 0 L 0 0 0 8" fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-width="0.5"/>
    </pattern>
    <pattern id="grid" width="80" height="80" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
      <rect width="80" height="80" fill="url(#smallGrid)"/>
      <path d="M 80 0 L 0 0 0 80" fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-width="1"/>
    </pattern>
  </defs>

  <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="url(#grid)" />
</svg>

I set width and height to 100%, so you can define the actual width and height on use, either for inline SVG:

<div style="width:400px;height:300px">
  <svg width="100%" height="100%" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <defs>
      <pattern id="smallGrid" width="8" height="8" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
        <path d="M 8 0 L 0 0 0 8" fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-width="0.5"/>
      </pattern>
      <pattern id="grid" width="80" height="80" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
        <rect width="80" height="80" fill="url(#smallGrid)"/>
        <path d="M 80 0 L 0 0 0 80" fill="none" stroke="gray" stroke-width="1"/>
      </pattern>
    </defs>

    <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="url(#grid)" />
  </svg>
</div>

or an <img> element:

<img src="https://svgshare.com/i/9Eo.svg" width="700" height="200"/>

results in:

<img src="https://svgshare.com/i/9Eo.svg" width="241" height="401"/>

results in

Note that for this particular grid you have to use widths and heights of the form n x 80 + 1 (with n being any integer) if you want the grid to start and end with a thick stroke.

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何必那么认真
4楼-- · 2019-01-20 23:23

In the interest of coverage, how about a CSS based approach?

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
      <style>
      html {
        height: 100%;
      }

      body {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #434343;    
        background-size: 75px 75px;
        background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 24%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 25%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 26%, transparent 27%, transparent 74%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 75%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 76%, transparent 77%, transparent), linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 24%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 25%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 26%, transparent 27%, transparent 74%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 75%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 76%, transparent 77%, transparent);
      }

      canvas {
          width:100%;
          height:100%;
          position:absolute;

          background-color: transparent;
          background-size: 15px 15px;
          background-image: linear-gradient(0deg, transparent 24%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 25%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 26%, transparent 27%, transparent 74%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 75%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 76%, transparent 77%, transparent), linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 24%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 25%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 26%, transparent 27%, transparent 74%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 75%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 76%, transparent 77%, transparent);
      }

      </style>
  </head>
  <body>
      <canvas></canvas>
  </body>
</html>
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一夜七次
5楼-- · 2019-01-20 23:33

it's very easy to do using canvas, that's what I recommend. I'm responding quickly on mobile here, but you should get the idea even if the psuedocode below isn't EXACTLY right:

you'll have a loop something like:

// "Ctx" is your canvas context
// "Width," "Height," and other vars that start with a capital letter are set according
//   to your canvas size or preference

var i;
for (i=0; i < Height; i += GridSize) {
   ctx.lineWidth(1.0+((i%10)==0));
   ctx.moveTo(0,i);
   ctx.lineTo(Width,i);
   ctx.stroke();
}
for (i=0; i < Width; i += GridSize) {
   ctx.lineWidth(1.0+((i%10)==0));
   ctx.moveTo(i,0);
   ctx.lineTo(i,Height);
   ctx.stroke();
}
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