Transparent hollow or cut out circle

2楼-- · 2019-01-02 18:32

Referring to web-tiki's answer I'd like to add that you can always center a div with translate(-50%,-50%), so it'd be no problem to use the border-property, which has better browser support.

div{
    position:relative;
    width:500px; 
    height:200px;
    margin:0 auto;
    overflow:hidden;
}
div:after{
    content:'';
    position:absolute;
    left:50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
    border-radius:50%;
    width:150px; height:150px;
    border: 1000px solid rebeccapurple;
}

body{background: url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');background-size:cover;}

<div></div>

You can get really creative with this technique:

document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function(){ 
	setInterval(function(){
		if(document.getElementById("moving").style.height === "500px"){
			document.getElementById("moving").style.height = "0px";
		} else {		
			document.getElementById("moving").style.height = "500px";
		}
	}, 2000);
});

#container {
	width: 500px;
	margin: 0 auto;
	border: 1px solid black;
	overflow:hidden;
	position: relative;
}


#circle{
    position:relative;
    height:150px;
    margin:0 auto;
	clear:left;
	overflow:hidden;
}
#circle::before, #circle::after {
    content:'';
    border-radius:50%;
	position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}
#circle::before {
    height: 140px;
    width: 140px;
    background: rebeccapurple;
}
#circle::after{
    width:150px; 
	height:150px;
    border: 2000px solid rebeccapurple;
}

#line {
	margin: 0 auto;
	width: 6px;
	height: 200px;
	position: relative;
}
#line::before, #line::after {
	content: " ";
	background-color: rebeccapurple;
    height: 200px;
	width:2000px;
	position:absolute;
}
#line::before {
	right: 100%;
}
#line::after { 
	left: 100%;
}

#moving {
	height: 0px;
    width: 100%;
    background: blue;
    transition: 2s height;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0px;
    z-index: -1;
}
body{
	background: url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');background-size:cover;
}

<div id="container">
	<div id="circle"></div>
	<div id="line"></div> 
    <div id="circle"></div>
    <div id="moving"></div>
</div>

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孤独总比滥情好

3楼-- · 2019-01-02 18:36

Regarding "Method 1" from "Pius Nyakoojo", with a minor improvement (see below) it would work. I personally think this is the simplest solution:

<html>
<!-- Assuming the stuff to mask is a 100 pixel square -->
<style>
.mask {
    position: absolute;
    top: -50px;                     /* minus half the div size */
    left: -50px;                    /* minus half the div size */
    width: 100px;                   /* the div size */
    height: 100px;                  /* the div size */
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 100px;           /* the div size */
    border: 50px solid white;       /* half the div size */
    pointer-events: none;           /* send mouse events beneath this layer */
}

.stuff {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100px;                   /* the div size */
    height: 100px;                  /* the div size */
    overflow: hidden;               /* hide the excess of the mask border */
    background-color: #CCC;
}
</style>
<body>
    <div class="stuff">
        <div class="mask"></div>
        blah blah blah blah blah
        blah blah blah blah blah
        blah blah blah blah blah
    </div>
</body>
</html>

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栀子花@的思念

4楼-- · 2019-01-02 18:47

You can achieve a transparent cut out circle with 2 different techniques :

1.SVG

The following examples use an inline svg. The first snippet uses the mask element to cut out the transparent circle and the second hollow circle is made with a path element. The circle is made with 2 arc commands :

With the mask element :

body{background:url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');background-size:cover;}

<svg viewbox="0 0 100 50" width="100%">
  <defs>
    <mask id="mask" x="0" y="0" width="80" height="30">
      <rect x="5" y="5" width="90" height="40" fill="#fff"/>
      <circle cx="50" cy="25" r="15" />
    </mask>
  </defs>
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="50" mask="url(#mask)" fill-opacity="0.7"/>    
</svg>

With one path element :

body{background: url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');background-size:cover;}
svg{
  display:block;
  width:70%;
  height:auto;
  margin:0 auto;
}
path{
  transition:fill .5s;
  fill:#E3DFD2;
}
path:hover{
  fill:pink;
}

<svg viewbox="-10 -1 30 12">
  <path d="M-10 -1 H30 V12 H-10z M 5 5 m -5, 0 a 5,5 0 1,0 10,0 a 5,5 0 1,0 -10,0z"/>
</svg>

The main advantages of using SVG in this case are :

Shorter code
You can easily use an image or gradient to fill the circle mask
maintain the boundaries of the shape and trigger mouse envents only over the fill respecting the mask (hover the transparent cut out circle in the example)

2. CSS only using BOX-SHADOWS

Create a div with overflow:hidden; and a round pseudo element inside it with border-radius. Give it a huge box-shadow and no background :

div{
    position:relative;
    width:500px; height:200px;
    margin:0 auto;
    overflow:hidden;
}
div:after{
    content:'';
    position:absolute;
    left:175px; top:25px;
    border-radius:100%;
    width:150px; height:150px;
    box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 2000px #E3DFD2;
}

body{background: url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');background-size:cover;}

<div></div>

Browser support for box-shadows is IE9+ see canIuse

The same approach would be to use border instead of box-shadows. It is interesting if you need to support borowsers that don't support box-shadows like IE8. The technique is the same but you need to compensate with the top and left values to keep the circle in the center of the div :

body{
    background: url('https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8760/17195790401_ceeeafcddb_o.jpg');
    background-size:cover;
}
div{
    position:relative;
    width:500px; height:200px;
    margin:0 auto;
    overflow:hidden;
}
div:after{
    content:'';
    position:absolute;
    left:-325px; top:-475px;
    border-radius:100%;
    width:150px; height:150px;
    border:500px solid #E3DFD2;
}

<div></div>

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高级女魔头

5楼-- · 2019-01-02 18:48

Method 1- Preferred

<div class="circle"></div>

$radius: 50px;
$thickness: 5px;

.circle {
    width: $radius;
    height: $radius;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: $radius;
    border: $thickness solid gray;
}

Method 2

<div class="circle"></div>

$radius: 50px;
$thickness: 5px;

.circle {
  width: $radius;
  height: $radius;
}

.circle::before, .circle::after {
  margin: -2px 0;
}
.circle::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: $radius;
    height: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
    background-color: transparent;
    border-top-left-radius: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
    border-top-right-radius: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
    border: $thickness solid gray;
    border-bottom: 0;

    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.circle::after {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: $radius;
  height: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
  background-color: transparent;
  border-bottom-left-radius: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
  border-bottom-right-radius: calc(#{$radius} / 2);
  border: $thickness solid gray;
  border-top: 0;

  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

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与君花间醉酒

6楼-- · 2019-01-02 18:49

It can be done using a radial gradient background and pointer-events (to allow mouse interaction behind through the circle layer, e.g. text selection). Here's a demo page and a screenshot:

enter image description here

And this would be the code for it:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.underneath {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 265px 0 0 0;
  width: 600px;
}

.overlay {
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 600px;
  height: 600px;
  background: -moz-radial-gradient(transparent 150px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 150px);
  background: -webkit-radial-gradient(transparent 150px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 150px);
  background: -ms-radial-gradient(transparent 150px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 150px);
  background: -o-radial-gradient(transparent 150px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 150px);
  pointer-events: none; /* send mouse events beneath this layer */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<p class="underneath">
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
  incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis
  nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
  Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore
  eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt
  in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
</p>

<div class="overlay"></div>

</body>
</html>

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