HTML table with fixed headers?

2018-12-31 02:14发布

站内问答 / JavaScript
866 28 5

Is there a cross-browser CSS/JavaScript technique to display a long HTML table such that the column headers stay fixed on-screen and do not scroll with the table body. Think of the "freeze panes" effect in Microsoft Excel.

I want to be able to scroll through the contents of the table, but to always be able to see the column headers at the top.

28条回答
无与为乐者.
2楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:45

:)

Not-so-clean, but pure HTML/CSS solution.

table {
    overflow-x:scroll;
}

tbody {
    max-height: /*your desired max height*/
    overflow-y:scroll;
    display:block;
}

Updated for IE8+ JSFiddle example

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不流泪的眼
3楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:45

By applying the StickyTableHeaders jQuery plugin to the table, the column headers will stick to the top of the viewport as you scroll down.

Example:

$(function () {
    $("table").stickyTableHeaders();
});

/*! Copyright (c) 2011 by Jonas Mosbech - https://github.com/jmosbech/StickyTableHeaders
	MIT license info: https://github.com/jmosbech/StickyTableHeaders/blob/master/license.txt */

;
(function ($, window, undefined) {
    'use strict';

    var name = 'stickyTableHeaders',
        id = 0,
        defaults = {
            fixedOffset: 0,
            leftOffset: 0,
            marginTop: 0,
            scrollableArea: window
        };

    function Plugin(el, options) {
        // To avoid scope issues, use 'base' instead of 'this'
        // to reference this class from internal events and functions.
        var base = this;

        // Access to jQuery and DOM versions of element
        base.$el = $(el);
        base.el = el;
        base.id = id++;
        base.$window = $(window);
        base.$document = $(document);

        // Listen for destroyed, call teardown
        base.$el.bind('destroyed',
        $.proxy(base.teardown, base));

        // Cache DOM refs for performance reasons
        base.$clonedHeader = null;
        base.$originalHeader = null;

        // Keep track of state
        base.isSticky = false;
        base.hasBeenSticky = false;
        base.leftOffset = null;
        base.topOffset = null;

        base.init = function () {
            base.$el.each(function () {
                var $this = $(this);

                // remove padding on <table> to fix issue #7
                $this.css('padding', 0);

                base.$originalHeader = $('thead:first', this);
                base.$clonedHeader = base.$originalHeader.clone();
                $this.trigger('clonedHeader.' + name, [base.$clonedHeader]);

                base.$clonedHeader.addClass('tableFloatingHeader');
                base.$clonedHeader.css('display', 'none');

                base.$originalHeader.addClass('tableFloatingHeaderOriginal');

                base.$originalHeader.after(base.$clonedHeader);

                base.$printStyle = $('<style type="text/css" media="print">' +
                    '.tableFloatingHeader{display:none !important;}' +
                    '.tableFloatingHeaderOriginal{position:static !important;}' +
                    '</style>');
                $('head').append(base.$printStyle);
            });

            base.setOptions(options);
            base.updateWidth();
            base.toggleHeaders();
            base.bind();
        };

        base.destroy = function () {
            base.$el.unbind('destroyed', base.teardown);
            base.teardown();
        };

        base.teardown = function () {
            if (base.isSticky) {
                base.$originalHeader.css('position', 'static');
            }
            $.removeData(base.el, 'plugin_' + name);
            base.unbind();

            base.$clonedHeader.remove();
            base.$originalHeader.removeClass('tableFloatingHeaderOriginal');
            base.$originalHeader.css('visibility', 'visible');
            base.$printStyle.remove();

            base.el = null;
            base.$el = null;
        };

        base.bind = function () {
            base.$scrollableArea.on('scroll.' + name, base.toggleHeaders);
            if (!base.isWindowScrolling) {
                base.$window.on('scroll.' + name + base.id, base.setPositionValues);
                base.$window.on('resize.' + name + base.id, base.toggleHeaders);
            }
            base.$scrollableArea.on('resize.' + name, base.toggleHeaders);
            base.$scrollableArea.on('resize.' + name, base.updateWidth);
        };

        base.unbind = function () {
            // unbind window events by specifying handle so we don't remove too much
            base.$scrollableArea.off('.' + name, base.toggleHeaders);
            if (!base.isWindowScrolling) {
                base.$window.off('.' + name + base.id, base.setPositionValues);
                base.$window.off('.' + name + base.id, base.toggleHeaders);
            }
            base.$scrollableArea.off('.' + name, base.updateWidth);
        };

        base.toggleHeaders = function () {
            if (base.$el) {
                base.$el.each(function () {
                    var $this = $(this),
                        newLeft,
                        newTopOffset = base.isWindowScrolling ? (
                        isNaN(base.options.fixedOffset) ? base.options.fixedOffset.outerHeight() : base.options.fixedOffset) : base.$scrollableArea.offset().top + (!isNaN(base.options.fixedOffset) ? base.options.fixedOffset : 0),
                        offset = $this.offset(),

                        scrollTop = base.$scrollableArea.scrollTop() + newTopOffset,
                        scrollLeft = base.$scrollableArea.scrollLeft(),

                        scrolledPastTop = base.isWindowScrolling ? scrollTop > offset.top : newTopOffset > offset.top,
                        notScrolledPastBottom = (base.isWindowScrolling ? scrollTop : 0) < (offset.top + $this.height() - base.$clonedHeader.height() - (base.isWindowScrolling ? 0 : newTopOffset));

                    if (scrolledPastTop && notScrolledPastBottom) {
                        newLeft = offset.left - scrollLeft + base.options.leftOffset;
                        base.$originalHeader.css({
                            'position': 'fixed',
                                'margin-top': base.options.marginTop,
                                'left': newLeft,
                                'z-index': 3 // #18: opacity bug
                        });
                        base.leftOffset = newLeft;
                        base.topOffset = newTopOffset;
                        base.$clonedHeader.css('display', '');
                        if (!base.isSticky) {
                            base.isSticky = true;
                            // make sure the width is correct: the user might have resized the browser while in static mode
                            base.updateWidth();
                        }
                        base.setPositionValues();
                    } else if (base.isSticky) {
                        base.$originalHeader.css('position', 'static');
                        base.$clonedHeader.css('display', 'none');
                        base.isSticky = false;
                        base.resetWidth($('td,th', base.$clonedHeader), $('td,th', base.$originalHeader));
                    }
                });
            }
        };

        base.setPositionValues = function () {
            var winScrollTop = base.$window.scrollTop(),
                winScrollLeft = base.$window.scrollLeft();
            if (!base.isSticky || winScrollTop < 0 || winScrollTop + base.$window.height() > base.$document.height() || winScrollLeft < 0 || winScrollLeft + base.$window.width() > base.$document.width()) {
                return;
            }
            base.$originalHeader.css({
                'top': base.topOffset - (base.isWindowScrolling ? 0 : winScrollTop),
                    'left': base.leftOffset - (base.isWindowScrolling ? 0 : winScrollLeft)
            });
        };

        base.updateWidth = function () {
            if (!base.isSticky) {
                return;
            }
            // Copy cell widths from clone
            if (!base.$originalHeaderCells) {
                base.$originalHeaderCells = $('th,td', base.$originalHeader);
            }
            if (!base.$clonedHeaderCells) {
                base.$clonedHeaderCells = $('th,td', base.$clonedHeader);
            }
            var cellWidths = base.getWidth(base.$clonedHeaderCells);
            base.setWidth(cellWidths, base.$clonedHeaderCells, base.$originalHeaderCells);

            // Copy row width from whole table
            base.$originalHeader.css('width', base.$clonedHeader.width());
        };

        base.getWidth = function ($clonedHeaders) {
            var widths = [];
            $clonedHeaders.each(function (index) {
                var width, $this = $(this);

                if ($this.css('box-sizing') === 'border-box') {
                    width = $this[0].getBoundingClientRect().width; // #39: border-box bug
                } else {
                    var $origTh = $('th', base.$originalHeader);
                    if ($origTh.css('border-collapse') === 'collapse') {
                        if (window.getComputedStyle) {
                            width = parseFloat(window.getComputedStyle(this, null).width);
                        } else {
                            // ie8 only
                            var leftPadding = parseFloat($this.css('padding-left'));
                            var rightPadding = parseFloat($this.css('padding-right'));
                            // Needs more investigation - this is assuming constant border around this cell and it's neighbours.
                            var border = parseFloat($this.css('border-width'));
                            width = $this.outerWidth() - leftPadding - rightPadding - border;
                        }
                    } else {
                        width = $this.width();
                    }
                }

                widths[index] = width;
            });
            return widths;
        };

        base.setWidth = function (widths, $clonedHeaders, $origHeaders) {
            $clonedHeaders.each(function (index) {
                var width = widths[index];
                $origHeaders.eq(index).css({
                    'min-width': width,
                        'max-width': width
                });
            });
        };

        base.resetWidth = function ($clonedHeaders, $origHeaders) {
            $clonedHeaders.each(function (index) {
                var $this = $(this);
                $origHeaders.eq(index).css({
                    'min-width': $this.css('min-width'),
                        'max-width': $this.css('max-width')
                });
            });
        };

        base.setOptions = function (options) {
            base.options = $.extend({}, defaults, options);
            base.$scrollableArea = $(base.options.scrollableArea);
            base.isWindowScrolling = base.$scrollableArea[0] === window;
        };

        base.updateOptions = function (options) {
            base.setOptions(options);
            // scrollableArea might have changed
            base.unbind();
            base.bind();
            base.updateWidth();
            base.toggleHeaders();
        };

        // Run initializer
        base.init();
    }

    // A plugin wrapper around the constructor,
    // preventing against multiple instantiations
    $.fn[name] = function (options) {
        return this.each(function () {
            var instance = $.data(this, 'plugin_' + name);
            if (instance) {
                if (typeof options === 'string') {
                    instance[options].apply(instance);
                } else {
                    instance.updateOptions(options);
                }
            } else if (options !== 'destroy') {
                $.data(this, 'plugin_' + name, new Plugin(this, options));
            }
        });
    };

})(jQuery, window);
body {
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: #555;
}
table {
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 20px 0;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}
th {
    padding: 5px;
    /* NOTE: th padding must be set explicitly in order to support IE */
    text-align: right;
    font-weight:bold;
    line-height: 2em;
    color: #FFF;
    background-color: #555;
}
tbody td {
    padding: 10px;
    line-height: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
}
tbody tr:nth-child(2n) {
    background-color: #F7F7F7;
}
tbody tr:hover {
    background-color: #EEEEEE;
}
td {
    text-align: right;
}
td:first-child, th:first-child {
    text-align: left;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div style="width:3000px">some really really wide content goes here</div>
<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th colspan="9">Companies listed on NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen.</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <th>Full name</th>
            <th>CCY</th>
            <th>Last</th>
            <th>+/-</th>
            <th>%</th>
            <th>Bid</th>
            <th>Ask</th>
            <th>Volume</th>
            <th>Turnover</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>A.P. Møller...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>33,220.00</td>
            <td>760</td>
            <td>2.34</td>
            <td>33,140.00</td>
            <td>33,220.00</td>
            <td>594</td>
            <td>19,791,910</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>A.P. Møller...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>34,620.00</td>
            <td>640</td>
            <td>1.88</td>
            <td>34,620.00</td>
            <td>34,700.00</td>
            <td>9,954</td>
            <td>346,530,246</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Carlsberg A</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>380</td>
            <td>0</td>
            <td>0</td>
            <td>371</td>
            <td>391.5</td>
            <td>6</td>
            <td>2,280</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Carlsberg B</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>364.4</td>
            <td>8.6</td>
            <td>2.42</td>
            <td>363</td>
            <td>364.4</td>
            <td>636,267</td>
            <td>228,530,601</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Chr. Hansen...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>114.5</td>
            <td>-1.6</td>
            <td>-1.38</td>
            <td>114.2</td>
            <td>114.5</td>
            <td>141,822</td>
            <td>16,311,454</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Coloplast B</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>809.5</td>
            <td>11</td>
            <td>1.38</td>
            <td>809</td>
            <td>809.5</td>
            <td>85,840</td>
            <td>69,363,301</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>D/S Norden</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>155</td>
            <td>-1.5</td>
            <td>-0.96</td>
            <td>155</td>
            <td>155.1</td>
            <td>51,681</td>
            <td>8,037,225</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Danske Bank</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>69.05</td>
            <td>2.55</td>
            <td>3.83</td>
            <td>69.05</td>
            <td>69.2</td>
            <td>1,723,719</td>
            <td>115,348,068</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>DSV</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>105.4</td>
            <td>0.2</td>
            <td>0.19</td>
            <td>105.2</td>
            <td>105.4</td>
            <td>674,873</td>
            <td>71,575,035</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>FLSmidth &amp; Co.</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>295.8</td>
            <td>-1.8</td>
            <td>-0.6</td>
            <td>295.1</td>
            <td>295.8</td>
            <td>341,263</td>
            <td>100,301,032</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>G4S plc</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>22.53</td>
            <td>0.05</td>
            <td>0.22</td>
            <td>22.53</td>
            <td>22.57</td>
            <td>190,920</td>
            <td>4,338,150</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Jyske Bank</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>144.2</td>
            <td>1.4</td>
            <td>0.98</td>
            <td>142.8</td>
            <td>144.2</td>
            <td>78,163</td>
            <td>11,104,874</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Københavns ...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>1,580.00</td>
            <td>-12</td>
            <td>-0.75</td>
            <td>1,590.00</td>
            <td>1,620.00</td>
            <td>82</td>
            <td>131,110</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Lundbeck</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>103.4</td>
            <td>-2.5</td>
            <td>-2.36</td>
            <td>103.4</td>
            <td>103.8</td>
            <td>157,162</td>
            <td>16,462,282</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Nordea Bank</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>43.22</td>
            <td>-0.06</td>
            <td>-0.14</td>
            <td>43.22</td>
            <td>43.25</td>
            <td>167,520</td>
            <td>7,310,143</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Novo Nordisk B</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>552.5</td>
            <td>-3.5</td>
            <td>-0.63</td>
            <td>550.5</td>
            <td>552.5</td>
            <td>843,533</td>
            <td>463,962,375</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Novozymes B</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>805.5</td>
            <td>5.5</td>
            <td>0.69</td>
            <td>805</td>
            <td>805.5</td>
            <td>152,188</td>
            <td>121,746,199</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Pandora</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>39.04</td>
            <td>0.94</td>
            <td>2.47</td>
            <td>38.8</td>
            <td>39.04</td>
            <td>350,965</td>
            <td>13,611,838</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Rockwool In...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>492</td>
            <td>0</td>
            <td>0</td>
            <td>482</td>
            <td>492</td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Rockwool In...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>468</td>
            <td>12</td>
            <td>2.63</td>
            <td>465.2</td>
            <td>468</td>
            <td>9,885</td>
            <td>4,623,850</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Sydbank</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>95</td>
            <td>0.05</td>
            <td>0.05</td>
            <td>94.7</td>
            <td>95</td>
            <td>103,438</td>
            <td>9,802,899</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>TDC</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>43.6</td>
            <td>0.13</td>
            <td>0.3</td>
            <td>43.5</td>
            <td>43.6</td>
            <td>845,110</td>
            <td>36,785,339</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Topdanmark</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>854</td>
            <td>13.5</td>
            <td>1.61</td>
            <td>854</td>
            <td>855</td>
            <td>38,679</td>
            <td>32,737,678</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Tryg</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>290.4</td>
            <td>0.3</td>
            <td>0.1</td>
            <td>290</td>
            <td>290.4</td>
            <td>94,587</td>
            <td>27,537,247</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Vestas Wind...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>90.15</td>
            <td>-4.2</td>
            <td>-4.45</td>
            <td>90.1</td>
            <td>90.15</td>
            <td>1,317,313</td>
            <td>121,064,314</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>William Dem...</td>
            <td>DKK</td>
            <td>417.6</td>
            <td>0.1</td>
            <td>0.02</td>
            <td>417</td>
            <td>417.6</td>
            <td>64,242</td>
            <td>26,859,554</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<div style="height: 4000px">lots of content down here...</div>

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与君花间醉酒
4楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:46

Here's a solution that we ended up working with (in order to deal with some edge cases and older versions of Internet Explorer, we eventually also faded out the title bar on scroll then faded it back in when scrolling ends, but in Firefox and WebKit browsers this solution just works. It assumes border-collapse: collapse.

The key to this solution is that once you apply border-collapse, CSS transforms work on the header, so it's just a matter of intercepting scroll events and setting the transform correctly. You don't need to duplicate anything. Short of this behavior being implemented properly in the browser, it's hard to imagine a more light-weight solution.

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/podperson/tH9VU/2/

It's implemented as a simple jQuery plugin. You simply make your thead's sticky with a call like $('thead').sticky(), and they'll hang around. It works for multiple tables on a page and head sections halfway down big tables.

$.fn.sticky = function(){
    $(this).each( function(){
        var thead = $(this),
            tbody = thead.next('tbody');

        updateHeaderPosition();

        function updateHeaderPosition(){
            if(
                thead.offset().top < $(document).scrollTop()
                && tbody.offset().top + tbody.height() > $(document).scrollTop()
            ){
                var tr = tbody.find('tr').last(),
                    y = tr.offset().top - thead.height() < $(document).scrollTop()
                        ? tr.offset().top - thead.height() - thead.offset().top
                        : $(document).scrollTop() - thead.offset().top;

                thead.find('th').css({
                    'z-index': 100,
                    'transform': 'translateY(' + y + 'px)',
                    '-webkit-transform': 'translateY(' + y + 'px)'
                });
            } else {
                thead.find('th').css({
                    'transform': 'none',
                    '-webkit-transform': 'none'
                });
            }
        }

        // See http://www.quirksmode.org/dom/events/scroll.html
        $(window).on('scroll', updateHeaderPosition);
    });
}

$('thead').sticky();
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素衣白纱
5楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:48

I was looking for a solution for this for a while and found most of the answers are not working or not suitable for my situation, so I wrote a simple solution with jQuery.

This is the solution outline:

  1. Clone the table that needs to have a fixed header, and place the cloned copy on top of the original.
  2. Remove the table body from top table.
  3. Remove the table header from bottom table.
  4. Adjust the column widths. (We keep track of the original column widths)

Below is the code in a runnable demo.

function scrolify(tblAsJQueryObject, height) {
  var oTbl = tblAsJQueryObject;

  // for very large tables you can remove the four lines below
  // and wrap the table with <div> in the mark-up and assign
  // height and overflow property  
  var oTblDiv = $("<div/>");
  oTblDiv.css('height', height);
  oTblDiv.css('overflow', 'scroll');
  oTbl.wrap(oTblDiv);

  // save original width
  oTbl.attr("data-item-original-width", oTbl.width());
  oTbl.find('thead tr td').each(function() {
    $(this).attr("data-item-original-width", $(this).width());
  });
  oTbl.find('tbody tr:eq(0) td').each(function() {
    $(this).attr("data-item-original-width", $(this).width());
  });


  // clone the original table
  var newTbl = oTbl.clone();

  // remove table header from original table
  oTbl.find('thead tr').remove();
  // remove table body from new table
  newTbl.find('tbody tr').remove();

  oTbl.parent().parent().prepend(newTbl);
  newTbl.wrap("<div/>");

  // replace ORIGINAL COLUMN width				
  newTbl.width(newTbl.attr('data-item-original-width'));
  newTbl.find('thead tr td').each(function() {
    $(this).width($(this).attr("data-item-original-width"));
  });
  oTbl.width(oTbl.attr('data-item-original-width'));
  oTbl.find('tbody tr:eq(0) td').each(function() {
    $(this).width($(this).attr("data-item-original-width"));
  });
}

$(document).ready(function() {
  scrolify($('#tblNeedsScrolling'), 160); // 160 is height
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js"></script>

<div style="width:300px;border:6px green solid;">
  <table border="1" width="100%" id="tblNeedsScrolling">
    <thead>
      <tr><th>Header 1</th><th>Header 2</th></tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr><td>row 1, cell 1</td><td>row 1, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 2, cell 1</td><td>row 2, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 3, cell 1</td><td>row 3, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 4, cell 1</td><td>row 4, cell 2</td></tr>			
      <tr><td>row 5, cell 1</td><td>row 5, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 6, cell 1</td><td>row 6, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 7, cell 1</td><td>row 7, cell 2</td></tr>
      <tr><td>row 8, cell 1</td><td>row 8, cell 2</td></tr>			
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>

This solution works in Chrome and IE. Since it is based on jQuery, this should work in other jQuery supported browsers as well.

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人间绝色
6楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:48

TL;DR

If you target modern browsers and don't have extravagant styling needs: http://jsfiddle.net/dPixie/byB9d/3/ ... Although the big four version is pretty sweet as well this version handles fluid width a lot better.

Good news everyone!

With the advances of HTML5 and CSS3 this is now possible, at least for modern browsers. The slightly hackish implementation I came up with can be found here: http://jsfiddle.net/dPixie/byB9d/3/. I have tested it in FX 25, Chrome 31 and IE 10 ...

Relevant HTML (insert a HTML5 doctype at the top of your document though):

<section class="positioned">
  <div class="container">
    <table>
      <thead>
        <tr class="header">
          <th>
            Table attribute name
            <div>Table attribute name</div>
          </th>
          <th>
            Value
            <div>Value</div>
          </th>
          <th>
            Description
            <div>Description</div>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>align</td>
          <td>left, center, right</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Specifies the alignment of a table according to surrounding text</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>bgcolor</td>
          <td>rgb(x,x,x), #xxxxxx, colorname</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Deprecated in HTML 4.01. Specifies the background color for a table</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>border</td>
          <td>1,""</td>
          <td>Specifies whether the table cells should have borders or not</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>cellpadding</td>
          <td>pixels</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies the space between the cell wall and the cell content</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>cellspacing</td>
          <td>pixels</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies the space between cells</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>frame</td>
          <td>void, above, below, hsides, lhs, rhs, vsides, box, border</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies which parts of the outside borders that should be visible</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>rules</td>
          <td>none, groups, rows, cols, all</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies which parts of the inside borders that should be visible</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>summary</td>
          <td>text</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies a summary of the content of a table</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>width</td>
          <td>pixels, %</td>
          <td>Not supported in HTML5. Specifies the width of a table</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>
</section>

With this CSS:

html, body{
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
  height:100%;
}
section {
  position: relative;
  border: 1px solid #000;
  padding-top: 37px;
  background: #500;
}
section.positioned {
  position: absolute;
  top:100px;
  left:100px;
  width:800px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 15px #333;
}
.container {
  overflow-y: auto;
  height: 200px;
}
table {
  border-spacing: 0;
  width:100%;
}
td + td {
  border-left:1px solid #eee;
}
td, th {
  border-bottom:1px solid #eee;
  background: #ffffd;
  color: #000;
  padding: 10px 25px;
}
th {
  height: 0;
  line-height: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  color: transparent;
  border: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
th div{
  position: absolute;
  background: transparent;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 9px 25px;
  top: 0;
  margin-left: -25px;
  line-height: normal;
  border-left: 1px solid #800;
}
th:first-child div{
  border: none;
}

But how?!

Simply put you have a table header, that you visually hide by making it 0px high, that also contains divs used as the fixed header. The table's container leaves enough room at the top to allow for the absolutely positioned header, and the table with scrollbars appear as you would expect.

The code above uses the positioned class to position the table absolutely (I'm using it in a popup style dialog) but you can use it in the flow of the document as well by removing the positioned class from the container.

But ...

It's not perfect. Firefox refuses to make the header row 0px (at least I did not find any way) but stubbornly keeps it at minimum 4px ... It's not a huge problem, but depending on your styling it will mess with your borders etc.

The table is also using a faux column approach where the background color of the container itself is used as the background for the header divs, that are transparent.

Summary

All in all there might be styling issues depending on your requirements, especially borders or complicated backgrounds. There might also be problems with computability, I haven't checked it in a wide variety of browsers yet (please comment with your experiences if you try it out), but I didn't find anything like it so I thought it was worth posting anyway ...

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残风、尘缘若梦
7楼-- · 2018-12-31 02:49

A more refined pure CSS scrolling table

All of the pure CSS solutions I've seen so far-- clever though they may be-- lack a certain level of polish, or just don't work right in some situations. So, I decided to create my own...

Features:

  • It's pure CSS, so no jQuery required (or any JavaScript code at all, for that matter)
  • You can set the table width to a percent (a.k.a. "fluid") or a fixed value, or let the content determine its width (a.k.a. "auto")
  • Column widths can also be fluid, fixed, or auto.
  • Columns will never become misaligned with headers due to horizontal scrolling (a problem that occurs in every other CSS-based solution I've seen that doesn't require fixed widths).
  • Compatible with all of the popular desktop browsers, including Internet Explorer back to version 8
  • Clean, polished appearance; no sloppy-looking 1-pixel gaps or misaligned borders; looks the same in all browsers

Here are a couple of fiddles that show the fluid and auto width options:

  • Fluid Width and Height (adapts to screen size): jsFiddle (Note that the scrollbar only shows up when needed in this configuration, so you may have to shrink the frame to see it)

  • Auto Width, Fixed Height (easier to integrate with other content): jsFiddle

The Auto Width, Fixed Height configuration probably has more use cases, so I'll post the code below.

/* The following 'html' and 'body' rule sets are required only
   if using a % width or height*/

/*html {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}*/

body {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 20px 0 20px;
  text-align: center;
}
.scrollingtable {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: auto; /* If you want a fixed width, set it here, else set to auto */
  min-width: 0/*100%*/; /* If you want a % width, set it here, else set to 0 */
  height: 188px/*100%*/; /* Set table height here; can be fixed value or % */
  min-height: 0/*104px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows + caption + thead */
  font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 20px;
  padding: 20px 0 20px 0; /* Need enough padding to make room for caption */
  text-align: left;
}
.scrollingtable * {box-sizing: border-box;}
.scrollingtable > div {
  position: relative;
  border-top: 1px solid black;
  height: 100%;
  padding-top: 20px; /* This determines column header height */
}
.scrollingtable > div:before {
  top: 0;
  background: cornflowerblue; /* Header row background color */
}
.scrollingtable > div:before,
.scrollingtable > div > div:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  left: 0;
}
.scrollingtable > div > div {
  min-height: 0/*43px*/; /* If using % height, make this large
                            enough to fit scrollbar arrows */
  max-height: 100%;
  overflow: scroll/*auto*/; /* Set to auto if using fixed
                               or % width; else scroll */
  overflow-x: hidden;
  border: 1px solid black; /* Border around table body */
}
.scrollingtable > div > div:after {background: white;} /* Match page background color */
.scrollingtable > div > div > table {
  width: 100%;
  border-spacing: 0;
  margin-top: -20px; /* Inverse of column header height */
  /*margin-right: 17px;*/ /* Uncomment if using % width */
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > caption {
  position: absolute;
  top: -20px; /*inverse of caption height*/
  margin-top: -1px; /*inverse of border-width*/
  width: 100%;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-align: center;
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > * > tr > * {padding: 0;}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead {
  vertical-align: bottom;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-align: center;
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 6px 0 6px; /*header cell padding*/
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > :first-child:before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 20px; /*match column header height*/
  border-left: 1px solid black; /*leftmost header border*/
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before,
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div > div:first-child,
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  color: white; /*header row font color*/
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before,
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:after {content: attr(label);}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  min-height: 20px; /* Match column header height */
  padding-top: 1px;
  border-left: 1px solid black; /* Borders between header cells */
}
.scrollingtable .scrollbarhead {float: right;}
.scrollingtable .scrollbarhead:before {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100px;
  top: -1px; /* Inverse border-width */
  background: white; /* Match page background color */
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:after {
  content: "";
  display: table-cell;
  position: relative;
  padding: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid black;
  top: -1px; /* Inverse of border width */
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody {vertical-align: top;}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr {background: white;}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * {
  border-bottom: 1px solid black;
  padding: 0 6px 0 6px;
  height: 20px; /* Match column header height */
}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody:last-of-type > tr:last-child > * {border-bottom: none;}
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(even) {background: gainsboro;} /* Alternate row color */
.scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * + * {border-left: 1px solid black;} /* Borders between body cells */
<div class="scrollingtable">
  <div>
    <div>
      <table>
        <caption>Top Caption</caption>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th><div label="Column 1"/></th>
            <th><div label="Column 2"/></th>
            <th><div label="Column 3"/></th>
            <th>
              <!-- More versatile way of doing column label; requires two identical copies of label -->
              <div><div>Column 4</div><div>Column 4</div></div>
            </th>
            <th class="scrollbarhead"/> <!-- ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA CELL AT END OF HEADER ROW -->
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
          <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    Faux bottom caption
  </div>
</div>

<!--[if lte IE 9]><style>.scrollingtable > div > div > table {margin-right: 17px;}</style><![endif]-->

The method I used to freeze the header row is similar to d-Pixie's, so refer to his post for an explanation. There were a slew of bugs and limitations with that technique that could only be fixed with heaps of additional CSS and an extra div container or two.

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