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Obviously, a 64-bit processor has a 64-bit address space, so you have more than 4 GB of RAM at your disposal. Does compiling the same program as 64-bit and running on a 64-bit CPU have any other advantages that might actually benefit programs that aren't enormous memory hogs?
I'm asking about CPUs in general, and Intel-compatible CPUs in particular.
Just wanted to add a little bit of information on the pros and cons of 64-bit CPUs. http://blogs.msdn.com/joshwil/archive/2006/07/18/670090.aspx
About 1-3% of speed increase due to instruction level parallelism for 32-bit calculations.