I am logging using the jQuery.log plugin (which logs to console.log if available) and I am not seeing any of the logging messages appear in the Chrome JavaScript console.
Logging works on Firebug's console under Firefox, but I did have to explicitly enable the Firebug JavaScript console. Have a missed some option somewhere under Chrome?
Edit:
The only thing being logged to the console is
Uncaught Syntax error, unrecognized expression: |button
I assume that the Chrome console is suppose to log statements even after errors like the one above, but there may be some kind of issue with Chrome here, see http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=29062. I am using Chrome 5.0.375 under Linux and that bug is listed as a Windows XP, Chrome 4.0 issue, it could still apply.
I've just had the same problem and found this question when trying to find an answer.
What fixed this for me was disabling firebug lite in chrome. It was swallowing all console messages.
When playing around with example Chrome Extensions, I was often unable to see the console.log messages when looking at console (ctrl+shift+j). But then I realized, that I was in the wrong place.
Wrench -> Tools -> Extensions and then click on the appropriate link under "Inspect active views". (in the Chrome examples it is often background.html) This should bring up the console that you are looking for.
I just found out logging was disabled from my filters.
I am not sure if this is the case, but if you are using firebug with chrome, you have to turn firebug off in order for console.log() to work in Developer Tools.
Make sure you have the console showing and that it is showing "All".
The cursor is on the button to hide/show the console.
alt text http://i29.tinypic.com/6jm2zc.jpg
Update: In newer versions of Chrome, you need to click the filter icon, then make sure "All" is selected.
On my computer I had accidently clicked the Debug filter. This made my log messages hidden. Here's how it was before (hidden messages):
Here's how it was after the change (working messages):