IRS-A2A: WS Security Header is invalid

Question

I keep going back and forth on using the Service References (proxy client) and creating the SOAP XML manually. I imported the WSDL files into my project as Service References. I use the objects provided by these references to create populate my request.

My Code Base is C# using Visual Studio 2013.

My Service Reference solution runs into the error:

"The WS Security Header in the message is invalid. Please review the transmission instructions outlined in Section 5 of the AIR Submission Composition and Reference Guide located at https://www.irs.gov/for-Tax-Pros/Software-Developers/Information-Returns/Affordable-Care-Act-Information-Return-AIR-Program, correct any issues, and try again."

1. How are other folks passing Security successfully through the Web Service to the IRS?
2. Any thoughts on how to resolve the issue I am facing by using the proxy client? the proxy client?

Update
I have abandoned the approach of using the WSDL files as Service References, and am manually creating the SOAP Request for transmittal.