Quickly read the last line of a text file?

Question

What's the quickest and most efficient way of reading the last line of text from a [very, very large] file in Java?

Answer 1

Below are two functions, one that returns the last non-blank line of a file without loading or stepping through the entire file, and the other that returns the last N lines of the file without stepping through the entire file:

What tail does is zoom straight to the last character of the file, then steps backward, character by character, recording what it sees until it finds a line break. Once it finds a line break, it breaks out of the loop. Reverses what was recorded and throws it into a string and returns. 0xA is the new line and 0xD is the carriage return.

If your line endings are \r\n or crlf or some other "double newline style newline", then you will have to specify n*2 lines to get the last n lines because it counts 2 lines for every line.

public String tail( File file ) {
    RandomAccessFile fileHandler = null;
    try {
        fileHandler = new RandomAccessFile( file, "r" );
        long fileLength = fileHandler.length() - 1;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for(long filePointer = fileLength; filePointer != -1; filePointer--){
            fileHandler.seek( filePointer );
            int readByte = fileHandler.readByte();

            if( readByte == 0xA ) {
                if( filePointer == fileLength ) {
                    continue;
                }
                break;

            } else if( readByte == 0xD ) {
                if( filePointer == fileLength - 1 ) {
                    continue;
                }
                break;
            }

            sb.append( ( char ) readByte );
        }

        String lastLine = sb.reverse().toString();
        return lastLine;
    } catch( java.io.FileNotFoundException e ) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    } catch( java.io.IOException e ) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    } finally {
        if (fileHandler != null )
            try {
                fileHandler.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                /* ignore */
            }
    }
}

But you probably don't want the last line, you want the last N lines, so use this instead:

public String tail2( File file, int lines) {
    java.io.RandomAccessFile fileHandler = null;
    try {
        fileHandler = 
            new java.io.RandomAccessFile( file, "r" );
        long fileLength = fileHandler.length() - 1;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int line = 0;

        for(long filePointer = fileLength; filePointer != -1; filePointer--){
            fileHandler.seek( filePointer );
            int readByte = fileHandler.readByte();

             if( readByte == 0xA ) {
                if (filePointer < fileLength) {
                    line = line + 1;
                }
            } else if( readByte == 0xD ) {
                if (filePointer < fileLength-1) {
                    line = line + 1;
                }
            }
            if (line >= lines) {
                break;
            }
            sb.append( ( char ) readByte );
        }

        String lastLine = sb.reverse().toString();
        return lastLine;
    } catch( java.io.FileNotFoundException e ) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    } catch( java.io.IOException e ) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }
    finally {
        if (fileHandler != null )
            try {
                fileHandler.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
    }
}

Invoke the above methods like this:

File file = new File("D:\\stuff\\huge.log");
System.out.println(tail(file));
System.out.println(tail2(file, 10));

Warning In the wild west of unicode this code can cause the output of this function to come out wrong. For example "Mary?s" instead of "Mary's". Characters with hats, accents, Chinese characters etc may cause the output to be wrong because accents are added as modifiers after the character. Reversing compound characters changes the nature of the identity of the character on reversal. You will have to do full battery of tests on all languages you plan to use this with.

For more information about this unicode reversal problem read this: http://msmvps.com/blogs/jon_skeet/archive/2009/11/02/omg-ponies-aka-humanity-epic-fail.aspx

Answer 2

You can easily change the below code to print the last line.

MemoryMappedFile for printing last 5 lines:

private static void printByMemoryMappedFile(File file) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
        FileInputStream fileInputStream=new FileInputStream(file);
        FileChannel channel=fileInputStream.getChannel();
        ByteBuffer buffer=channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, channel.size());
        buffer.position((int)channel.size());
        int count=0;
        StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
        for(long i=channel.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
            char c=(char)buffer.get((int)i);
            builder.append(c);
            if(c=='\n'){
                if(count==5)break;
                count++;
                builder.reverse();
                System.out.println(builder.toString());
                builder=null;
                builder=new StringBuilder();
            }
        }
        channel.close();
    }

RandomAccessFile to print last 5 lines:

private static void printByRandomAcessFile(File file) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
        RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");
        int lines = 0;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        long length = file.length();
        length--;
        randomAccessFile.seek(length);
        for(long seek = length; seek >= 0; --seek){
            randomAccessFile.seek(seek);
            char c = (char)randomAccessFile.read();
            builder.append(c);
            if(c == '\n'){
                builder = builder.reverse();
                System.out.println(builder.toString());
                lines++;
                builder = null;
                builder = new StringBuilder();
                if (lines == 5){
                    break;
                }
            }

        }
    }

Answer 3

as far as I know The fastest way to read the last line of a text file is using FileUtils Apache class which is in "org.apache.commons.io". I have a two-million-line file and by using this class, it took me less than one second to find the last line. Here is the my code:

LineIterator lineIterator = FileUtils.lineIterator(newFile(filePath),"UTF-8");
String lastLine="";
while (lineIterator.hasNext()){
 lastLine=  lineIterator.nextLine();
}

Answer 4

Using FileReader or FileInputStream won't work - you'll have to use either FileChannel or RandomAccessFile to loop through the file backwards from the end. Encodings will be a problem though, as Jon said.

Answer 5

Have a look at my answer to a similar question for C#. The code would be quite similar, although the encoding support is somewhat different in Java.

Basically it's not a terribly easy thing to do in general. As MSalter points out, UTF-8 does make it easy to spot \r or \n as the UTF-8 representation of those characters is just the same as ASCII, and those bytes won't occur in multi-byte character.

So basically, take a buffer of (say) 2K, and progressively read backwards (skip to 2K before you were before, read the next 2K) checking for a line termination. Then skip to exactly the right place in the stream, create an InputStreamReader on the top, and a BufferedReader on top of that. Then just call BufferedReader.readLine().

Answer 6

In C#, you should be able to set the stream's position:

From: http://bytes.com/groups/net-c/269090-streamreader-read-last-line-text-file

using(FileStream fs = File.OpenRead("c:\\file.dat"))
{
    using(StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(fs))
    {
        sr.BaseStream.Position = fs.Length - 4;
        if(sr.ReadToEnd() == "DONE")
            // match
    }
}