Difference between logical addresses, and physical

Question

I am reading Operating Systems Concept and I am on the 8th chapter! However I could use some clarification, or reassurance that my understanding is correct.

Logical Addresses: Logical addresses are generated by the CPU, according to the book. What exactly does this mean? (In an execute-generated address system..) I assume when code is compiled for a program, the program has no idea where the code will be loaded in memory. All the compiler does is set up a general sketch of the program layout and how the image should be laid out, but doesn't assign any real addresses to it. When the program is executed the CPU takes this layout image that the compiler made and hands out some addresses (logical ones) to the ones generated from the code.

Physical Addresses: The physical addresses are not generated until after the CPU generates some set of logical addresses (consisting of a base address and an offset). The logical addresses go through the MMU or another device and somewhere along the line the logical addresses are mapped to physical RAM addresses.

What then is the actual difference? I can see one benefit. Using logical addresses gives more freedom to the applications. If the physical addresses were hard coded, then the program success would depend heavily on the physical computer machine, available RAM addresses etc.

Doesn't the use of logical addresses converted to physical address impose two steps instead of a one to one, and therefore more over head?

Where then do the logical addresses reside after generation? They may exist in a register on the CPU while the CPU is servicing a process, but before and after, where do they go? I understand this is implementation dependent. I assume they may be stored in some special register space or buffer on the CPU such as a TLB, correct? If not, then the table may exist in the actual RAM itself, and the CPU only holds a pointer/address to the base address of the table in RAM, correct?

It seems holding the addresses in RAM is counter productive to the purpose of logical memory addresses. I can only assume my understanding is incorrect.

Answer 1

A logical address is a reference to memory location independent of the current assignment of data to memory. A physical address or absolute address is an actual location in main memory.

It is in chapter 7.2 of Stallings.

Answer 2

A logical address is the address at which an item (memory cell, storage element, network host) appears to reside from the perspective of an executing application program.