I've hit the DB performance bottleneck, where

Question

I have some queries that are taking too long (300ms) now that the DB has grown to a few million records. Luckily for me the queries don't need to look at the majority of this data, that latest 100,000 records will be sufficient so my plan is to maintain a separate table with the most recent 100,000 records and run the queries against this. If anyone has any suggestions for a better way of doing this that would be great. My real question is what are the options if the queries did need to run against the historic data, what is the next step? Things I've thought of:

• Upgrade hardware
• Use an in memory database
• Cache the objects manually in your own data structure

Are these things correct and are there any other options? Do some DB providers have more functionality than others to deal with these problems, e.g. specifying a particular table/index to be entirely in memory?

Sorry, I should've mentioned this, I'm using mysql.

I forgot to mention indexing in the above. Indexing have been my only source of improvement thus far to be quite honest. In order to identify bottlenecks I've been using maatkit for the queries to show whether or not indexes are being utilised.

I understand I'm now getting away from what the question was intended for so maybe I should make another one. My problem is that EXPLAIN is saying the query takes 10ms rather than 300ms which jprofiler is reporting. If anyone has any suggestions I'd really appreciate it. The query is:

select bv.* 
from BerthVisit bv 
inner join BerthVisitChainLinks on bv.berthVisitID = BerthVisitChainLinks.berthVisitID 
inner join BerthVisitChain on BerthVisitChainLinks.berthVisitChainID = BerthVisitChain.berthVisitChainID 
inner join BerthJourneyChains on BerthVisitChain.berthVisitChainID = BerthJourneyChains.berthVisitChainID 
inner join BerthJourney on BerthJourneyChains.berthJourneyID = BerthJourney.berthJourneyID 
inner join TDObjectBerthJourneyMap on BerthJourney.berthJourneyID = TDObjectBerthJourneyMap.berthJourneyID 
inner join TDObject on TDObjectBerthJourneyMap.tdObjectID = TDObject.tdObjectID 
where 
BerthJourney.journeyType='A' and 
bv.berthID=251860 and 
TDObject.headcode='2L32' and 
bv.depTime is null and 
bv.arrTime > '2011-07-28 16:00:00'

and the output from EXPLAIN is:

+----+-------------+-------------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table                   | type        | possible_keys                               | key                     | key_len | ref                                            | rows | Extra                                                 |
+----+-------------+-------------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+------+-------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | bv                      | index_merge | PRIMARY,idx_berthID,idx_arrTime,idx_depTime | idx_berthID,idx_depTime | 9,9     | NULL                                           |  117 | Using intersect(idx_berthID,idx_depTime); Using where | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | BerthVisitChainLinks    | ref         | idx_berthVisitChainID,idx_berthVisitID      | idx_berthVisitID        | 8       | Network.bv.berthVisitID                        |    1 | Using where                                           | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | BerthVisitChain         | eq_ref      | PRIMARY                                     | PRIMARY                 | 8       | Network.BerthVisitChainLinks.berthVisitChainID |    1 | Using where; Using index                              | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | BerthJourneyChains      | ref         | idx_berthJourneyID,idx_berthVisitChainID    | idx_berthVisitChainID   | 8       | Network.BerthVisitChain.berthVisitChainID      |    1 | Using where                                           | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | BerthJourney            | eq_ref      | PRIMARY,idx_journeyType                     | PRIMARY                 | 8       | Network.BerthJourneyChains.berthJourneyID      |    1 | Using where                                           | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | TDObjectBerthJourneyMap | ref         | idx_tdObjectID,idx_berthJourneyID           | idx_berthJourneyID      | 8       | Network.BerthJourney.berthJourneyID            |    1 | Using where                                           | 
|  1 | SIMPLE      | TDObject                | eq_ref      | PRIMARY,idx_headcode                        | PRIMARY                 | 8       | Network.TDObjectBerthJourneyMap.tdObjectID     |    1 | Using where                                           | 
+----+-------------+-------------------------+-------------+---------------------------------------------+-------------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+------+---------------------------------------

7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Answer 1

Instead of creating a separate table for latest results, think about table partitioning. MySQL has this feature built in since version 5.1

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Just to make it clear: I am not saying this is THE solution for your issues. Just one thing you can try