WCF Service vs ASP.NET Web Api

Question

Can any one share the actual difference between WCF Service and ASP.NET Web Api? In which scenario we have to use WCF Service and ASP.NET Web Api.

Answer 1

Web Service

It is based on SOAP and return data in XML form. It support only HTTP protocol. It is not open source but can be consumed by any client that understands xml. It can be hosted only on IIS.

WCF

It is also based on SOAP and return data in XML form. It is the evolution of the web service(ASMX) and support various protocols like TCP, HTTP, HTTPS, Named Pipes, MSMQ. The main issue with WCF is, its tedious and extensive configuration. It is not open source but can be consumed by any client that understands xml. It can be hosted with in the applicaion or on IIS or using window service.

WCF Rest

To use WCF as WCF Rest service you have to enable webHttpBindings. It support HTTP GET and POST verbs by [WebGet] and [WebInvoke] attributes respectively. To enable other HTTP verbs you have to do some configuration in IIS to accept request of that particular verb on .svc files Passing data through parameters using a WebGet needs configuration. The UriTemplate must be specified It support XML, JSON and ATOM data format.

Web API

This is the new framework for building HTTP services with easy and simple way. Web API is open source an ideal platform for building REST-ful services over the .NET Framework. Unlike WCF Rest service, it use the full featues of HTTP (like URIs, request/response headers, caching, versioning, various content formats) It also supports the MVC features such as routing, controllers, action results, filter, model binders, IOC container or dependency injection, unit testing that makes it more simple and robust. It can be hosted with in the application or on IIS. It is light weight architecture and good for devices which have limited bandwidth like smart phones. Responses are formatted by Web API’s MediaTypeFormatter into JSON, XML or whatever format you want to add as a MediaTypeFormatter.

To whom choose between WCF or WEB API

Choose WCF when you want to create a service that should support special scenarios such as one way messaging, message queues, duplex communication etc. Choose WCF when you want to create a service that can use fast transport channels when available, such as TCP, Named Pipes, or maybe even UDP (in WCF 4.5), and you also want to support HTTP when all other transport channels are unavailable. Choose Web API when you want to create a resource-oriented services over HTTP that can use the full features of HTTP (like URIs, request/response headers, caching, versioning, various content formats). Choose Web API when you want to expose your service to a broad range of clients including browsers, mobiles, iphone and tablets.

Answer 2

From http://mattmilner.com/Milner/Blog/post/2012/02/28/WebAPI-or-WCF.aspx, a great post on this issue: "WCF remains the framework for building services where you care about transport flexibility. Web API is the framework for building services where you care about HTTP."

Answer 3

WCF Web API is the next generation of Microsoft's service framework.

WCF Services were originally designed with a channel architecture allowing customization of the protocols and transports used to communicate between systems. While this gives the architect/developer great flexibility in building inter-operable applications, it comes at the cost of complexity. Configuring WCF has never been simple (IMO).

The most prevalent use case (IMO), is using WCF services to provide support to web applications via ajax requests from the browser for additional data. Also, since the time that WCF was originally introduced, it has become common for applications to provide an API using http.

Because the of this, the new WCF Web API is an attempt to simplify the service infrastructure and assume the http transport protocol.

If you are building a new web application, I would use the new Web API. I would only look at using WCF Services if I needed to communicate with another system using something other http.

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WCF Channel Architecture

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms729840.aspx

WCF Web API

http://www.asp.net/web-api