I am looking for a publicly available SQL database with free access, where one can run some SELECT
queries for free on some meaningful data (not item1, item2, item3). Have you seen any? Even better if it came together with some tutorial.
Vendor is not that relevant, as long as one can connect using a generic JDBC client.
I like the concept of a game on pure SQL as implemented here: https://mystery.knightlab.com
It offers gamification of learning SQL and includes an optional tutorial-like introduction.
If you already know SQL but feel a little rusty, then this is fun to brush up.
For beginners it is an easy hand-help first contact.
The data are artificial and have a slightly steep drop-off when leaving the immediate game track, but I think it still matchs your requirement to be "meaningful". (And if you go intentionally off-track, then there are hints that some easter-eggs can be found, in the shape of jokes. I did not yet manage to get the query right to actually read them... So I think that even beyond the obvious game there is something for the more experienced to hunt for.)
You can use https://db4free.net/ which allows you to access it remotely from your code or tools like JMeter.
It's slow but works.
it requires registration.