How to get the insert ID in JDBC?

Question

I want to INSERT a record in a database (which is Microsoft SQL Server in my case) using JDBC in Java. At the same time, I want to obtain the insert ID. How can I achieve this using JDBC API?

Answer 1

If it is an auto generated key, then you can use Statement#getGeneratedKeys() for this. You need to call it on the same Statement as the one being used for the INSERT. You first need to create the statement using Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS to notify the JDBC driver to return the keys.

Here's a basic example:

public void create(User user) throws SQLException {
    try (
        Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(SQL_INSERT,
                                      Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
    ) {
        statement.setString(1, user.getName());
        statement.setString(2, user.getPassword());
        statement.setString(3, user.getEmail());
        // ...

        int affectedRows = statement.executeUpdate();

        if (affectedRows == 0) {
            throw new SQLException("Creating user failed, no rows affected.");
        }

        try (ResultSet generatedKeys = statement.getGeneratedKeys()) {
            if (generatedKeys.next()) {
                user.setId(generatedKeys.getLong(1));
            }
            else {
                throw new SQLException("Creating user failed, no ID obtained.");
            }
        }
    }
}

Note that you're dependent on the JDBC driver as to whether it works. Currently, most of the last versions will work, but if I am correct, Oracle JDBC driver is still somewhat troublesome with this. MySQL and DB2 already supported it for ages. PostgreSQL started to support it not long ago. I can't comment about MSSQL as I've never used it.

For Oracle, you can invoke a CallableStatement with a RETURNING clause or a SELECT CURRVAL(sequencename) (or whatever DB-specific syntax to do so) directly after the INSERT in the same transaction to obtain the last generated key. See also this answer.

Answer 2

In my case ->

ConnectionClass objConnectionClass=new ConnectionClass();
con=objConnectionClass.getDataBaseConnection();
pstmtGetAdd=con.prepareStatement(SQL_INSERT_ADDRESS_QUERY,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
pstmtGetAdd.setString(1, objRegisterVO.getAddress());
pstmtGetAdd.setInt(2, Integer.parseInt(objRegisterVO.getCityId()));
int addId=pstmtGetAdd.executeUpdate();              
if(addId>0)
{
    ResultSet rsVal=pstmtGetAdd.getGeneratedKeys();
    rsVal.next();
    addId=rsVal.getInt(1);
}

Answer 3

I'm using SQLServer 2008, but I have a development limitation: I cannot use a new driver for it, I have to use "com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver" (I cannot use "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver").

That's why the solution conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS) threw a java.lang.AbstractMethodError for me. In this situation, a possible solution I found is the old one suggested by Microsoft: How To Retrieve @@IDENTITY Value Using JDBC

import java.sql.*; 
import java.io.*; 

public class IdentitySample
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try
        {
            String URL = "jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://yourServer:1433;databasename=pubs";
            String userName = "yourUser";
            String password = "yourPassword";

            System.out.println( "Trying to connect to: " + URL); 

            //Register JDBC Driver
            Class.forName("com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver").newInstance();

            //Connect to SQL Server
            Connection con = null;
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL,userName,password);
            System.out.println("Successfully connected to server"); 

            //Create statement and Execute using either a stored procecure or batch statement
            CallableStatement callstmt = null;

            callstmt = con.prepareCall("INSERT INTO myIdentTable (col2) VALUES (?);SELECT @@IDENTITY");
            callstmt.setString(1, "testInputBatch");
            System.out.println("Batch statement successfully executed"); 
            callstmt.execute();

            int iUpdCount = callstmt.getUpdateCount();
            boolean bMoreResults = true;
            ResultSet rs = null;
            int myIdentVal = -1; //to store the @@IDENTITY

            //While there are still more results or update counts
            //available, continue processing resultsets
            while (bMoreResults || iUpdCount!=-1)
            {           
                //NOTE: in order for output parameters to be available,
                //all resultsets must be processed

                rs = callstmt.getResultSet();                   

                //if rs is not null, we know we can get the results from the SELECT @@IDENTITY
                if (rs != null)
                {
                    rs.next();
                    myIdentVal = rs.getInt(1);
                }                   

                //Do something with the results here (not shown)

                //get the next resultset, if there is one
                //this call also implicitly closes the previously obtained ResultSet
                bMoreResults = callstmt.getMoreResults();
                iUpdCount = callstmt.getUpdateCount();
            }

            System.out.println( "@@IDENTITY is: " + myIdentVal);        

            //Close statement and connection 
            callstmt.close();
            con.close();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        try
        {
            System.out.println("Press any key to quit...");
            System.in.read();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
        }
    }
}

This solution worked for me!

I hope this helps!

Answer 4

Connection cn = DriverManager.getConnection("Host","user","pass");
Statement st = cn.createStatement("Ur Requet Sql");
int ret  = st.execute();

Answer 5

I'm hitting Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 from a single-threaded JDBC-based application and pulling back the last ID without using the RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS property or any PreparedStatement. Looks something like this:

private int insertQueryReturnInt(String SQLQy) {
    ResultSet generatedKeys = null;
    int generatedKey = -1;

    try {
        Statement statement = conn.createStatement();
        statement.execute(SQLQy);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        errorDescription = "Failed to insert SQL query: " + SQLQy + "( " + e.toString() + ")";
        return -1;
    }

    try {
        generatedKey = Integer.parseInt(readOneValue("SELECT @@IDENTITY"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
        errorDescription = "Failed to get ID of just-inserted SQL query: " + SQLQy + "( " + e.toString() + ")";
        return -1;
    }

    return generatedKey;
} 

This blog post nicely isolates three main SQL Server "last ID" options: http://msjawahar.wordpress.com/2008/01/25/how-to-find-the-last-identity-value-inserted-in-the-sql-server/ - haven't needed the other two yet.

Answer 6

1. Create Generated Column

   String generatedColumns[] = { "ID" };
   

2. Pass this geneated Column to your statement

   PreparedStatement stmtInsert = conn.prepareStatement(insertSQL, generatedColumns);
   

3. Use ResultSet object to fetch the GeneratedKeys on Statement

   ResultSet rs = stmtInsert.getGeneratedKeys();
   
   if (rs.next()) {
       long id = rs.getLong(1);
       System.out.println("Inserted ID -" + id); // display inserted record
   }