onServicesDiscovered never called while connecting

Question

I have a bluetooth headset which is paired with my Nexus 5X (running Android 7.1) and I would like to connect to a GATT Server of the headset. I tried it with the following code:

private BluetoothGattCallback btleGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionStateChange: " + status + ", " + newState);

        if(newState == STATE_CONNECTED) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Device connected");
            boolean ans = gatt.discoverServices();
            Log.d(TAG, "Discover Services started: " + ans);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Number of Services: " + gatt.getServices().size());
    }
};

public void onDeviceClicked(BluetoothDevice device) {
    BluetoothGatt gatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, btleGattCallback);
    Log.d(TAG, "Connected to GATT: " + gatt.connect());
}

If I click on the headset in my UI onDeviceClicked is called and it comes to this Log output:

<!-- language: lang-none -->
Connected to GATT: true
onConnectionStateChange: 0, 2    // GATT_SUCCESS, STATE_CONNECTED
Device connected
Discover Services started: true

As you can see onServicesDiscovered is never fired. I tried to call connectGatt with TRANSPORT_LE (ref) but then I get a onConnectionStateChange: 133, 0. I also found this question which is why I added the gatt.connect() method as mentioned in answer two.

Do you have any ideas why I don't get the onServicesDiscovered callback?

Answer 1

In fact，I solve this problem by Execution the method mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices() several times（10 or more），

    int i = 10;
    while (i > 0)
    {
        if (!mIsBLE_Finded)  //如果服务发现失败,继续执行discoverServices方法
        {
            i--;
            mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
            System.out.println("BLEService-->" + "尝试次数:" + i);
        }
        else //在10次的尝试中，存在某次服务发现成功了
        {
            i = -1;
        }
    }

Answer 2

This may help

I will explain in two steps : connecting and discovering services

connecting: connect from mainthread

set auto reconnect to false

if Version greater than or equals to M , set Tranposrt type

else directly use reflection and handle it properly

Handler(applicationContext.mainLooper).post {
                    Log.d(TAG, " Post is called inside mainlooper")
                    mBluetoothGatt = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
                        Log.d(TAG, " Is Or Greater than M $mBluetoothDevice")
                        mBluetoothDevice!!.connectGatt(this, false,
                                onGhattListener, TRANSPORT_LE)
                    } else {
                        Log.d(TAG, " Less than M")
                        try {
                            Log.d(TAG, " Trying TRANPORT LE with reflection")
                            val m = mBluetoothDevice!!.javaClass.getDeclaredMethod("connectGatt", Context::class.java, Boolean::class.javaPrimitiveType, BluetoothGattCallback::class.java, Int::class.javaPrimitiveType)
                            m.isAccessible = true
                            val transport = mBluetoothDevice!!.javaClass.getDeclaredField("TRANSPORT_LE").getInt(null)
                            m.invoke(mBluetoothDevice, this, false, onGhattListener, transport) as BluetoothGatt
                        } catch (e: Exception) {
                            e.printStackTrace()
                            Log.d(TAG, " Catch to call normal connection")
                            mBluetoothDevice!!.connectGatt(this, false,
                                    onGhattListener)
                        }
                    }
                    Log.d(TAG, "mBluetooth gatt is $mBluetoothGatt")
                    mBluetoothGatt?.let {
                        refreshDeviceCache(mBluetoothGatt!!)
                    }
                }

disover services : in onGhattListener , if device is connected fire discoverServices() from main thread

override fun onConnectionStateChange(gatt: BluetoothGatt, status: Int,
                                         newState: Int) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionStateChange $gatt and status $status and newstate $newState")
        when (newState) {
            BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTED -> {
                Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {
                    gatt.discoverServices()
                }
            }
            BluetoothGatt.STATE_DISCONNECTED -> {

            }
            BluetoothGatt.STATE_CONNECTING -> {

            }
            BluetoothGatt.STATE_DISCONNECTING -> {

            }
        }
    }

this may solve your problem

call refresh method with reflection

fun refreshDeviceCache(gatt: BluetoothGatt): Boolean {
    try {
        val localMethod = gatt.javaClass.getMethod("refresh")
        if (localMethod != null) {
            return localMethod.invoke(gatt) as Boolean
        }
    } catch (localException: Exception) {
        Log.e(TAG, "An exception occured while refreshing device")
        localException.printStackTrace()
    }
    return false
}

Answer 3

Had the same problem, but waiting 600 ms wasn't enough. This is probably due to the BLE module used. I fixed the problem by calling my method

discoverServices(); 

after calling

device.connectGatt(this,false,gattCallback)

I'm basically just calling discoverServices every 5 seconds (this is arbitrarily chosen)

private void discoverServices() {
    if(!gattConnected) { //just a boolean
        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                gatt.discoverServices();
            }
        });
        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                discoverServices();
            }
        }, 5000);
    }
}

In the onServicesDiscovered(...) method of my gattCallback I make gattConnected true. This worked for me.

Answer 4

Something that has been really useful for me is to wait for about 600ms after the connection has been established and then start the service discovery.

Answer 5

BLE on Android can be a little finicky.

Make sure you are calling mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices() on the UI thread.

if(newState == STATE_CONNECTED) {
    Log.d(TAG, "Device connected");
    new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            boolean ans = mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
            Log.d(TAG, "Discover Services started: " + ans);
        }
    });
}

Also try making BluetoothGatt gatt a field variable instead of a local variable.

If you are doing any significant work, try using a library that masks all of the idiosyncrasies so you can focus on the high level logic. https://github.com/Polidea/RxAndroidBle.

Here is an example of how to read a characteristic.

        connectionObservable
                .flatMap(rxBleConnection -> rxBleConnection.readCharacteristic(characteristicUuid))
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(bytes -> {
                    readOutputView.setText(new String(bytes));
                    readHexOutputView.setText(HexString.bytesToHex(bytes));
                    writeInput.setText(HexString.bytesToHex(bytes));
                }, this::onReadFailure);

Or with Java 7 syntax

        connectionObservable
                .flatMap(new Func1<RxBleConnection, Observable<byte[]>>() {
                    @Override
                    public Observable<byte[]> call(RxBleConnection rxBleConnection) {
                        return rxBleConnection.readCharacteristic(characteristicUuid);
                    }
                })
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(new Subscriber<byte[]>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onCompleted() {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        onReadFailure(e);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onNext(byte[] bytes) {
                        readOutputView.setText(new String(bytes));
                        readHexOutputView.setText(HexString.bytesToHex(bytes));
                        writeInput.setText(HexString.bytesToHex(bytes));
                    }
                });