Below (and this live demo here) is the HTML that produced these 2 screenshots. The first is in Chrome on Windows 10, and the second is from Chrome on iOS 12.
Notice that Win 10 correctly flattens and colors red all of the characters in the bottom line. But in the top line, it incorrectly does not stylize the ⚠️, even though elsewhere (also on Win 10) I see it correctly displayed in yellow, such as here.
Also notice that iOS 12 correctly stylizes all the emojis but does not flatten and color red the first 2 characters (
The short answer is that you can’t. The text variation selector does not work generally for all characters; only those sequences explicitly defined in the standard are valid. Chrome on Windows is in fact violating the standard in your first example because there are no variation sequences for