How do I specify a password to psql non-interactiv

Question

I am trying to automate database creation process with a shell script and one thing I've hit a road block with passing a password to psql. Here is a bit of code from the shell script:

psql -U $DB_USER -h localhost -c"$DB_RECREATE_SQL"

How do I pass a password to psql in a non-interactive way?

Thanks!

Answer 1

From the official documentation:

It is also convenient to have a ~/.pgpass file to avoid regularly having to type in passwords. See Section 30.13 for more information.

...

This file should contain lines of the following format:

hostname:port:database:username:password

The password field from the first line that matches the current connection parameters will be used.

Answer 2

Set the PGPASSWORD environment variable inside the script before calling psql

PGPASSWORD=pass1234 psql -U MyUsername myDatabaseName

For reference, see http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html

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Edit

Since Postgres 9.2 there is also the option to specify a connection string or URI that can contain the username and password.

Using that is a security risk because the password is visible in plain text when looking at the command line of a running process e.g. using ps (Linux), ProcessExplorer (Windows) or similar tools, by other users.

See also this question on Database Administrators

Answer 3

On Windows:

1. Assign value to PGPASSWORD: C:\>set PGPASSWORD=pass

2. Run command: C:\>psql -d database -U user

Ready

Or in one line,

set PGPASSWORD=pass&& psql -d database -U user

Note the lack of space before the && !

Answer 4

This can be done by creating a .pgpass file in the home directory of the (Linux) User. .pgpass file format:

<databaseip>:<port>:<databasename>:<dbusername>:<password>

You can also use wild card * in place of details.

Say I wanted to run tmp.sql without prompting for a password.

With the following code you can in *.sh file

echo "192.168.1.1:*:*:postgres:postgrespwd" > $HOME/.pgpass
echo "` chmod 0600 $HOME/.pgpass `"

echo " ` psql -h 192.168.1.1 -p 5432  -U postgres  postgres  -f tmp.sql `        

Answer 5

I tend to prefer passing a url to psql:

psql "postgresql://$DB_USER:$DB_PWD@$DB_SERVER/$DB_NAME"

This gives me the freedom to name my environment variables as I wish and avoids creating unnecessary files.

This requires libpq. The documentation can be found here

Answer 6

• in one line:

  export PGPASSWORD='password'; psql -h 'server name' -U 'user name' -d 'base name' -c 'command'
  

  with command a sql command such as "select * from schema.table"

• or more readable:

  export PGPASSWORD='password'
  psql -h 'server name' -U 'user name' -d 'base name' \
       -c 'command' (eg. "select * from schema.table")