C++ How to make function pointer to class method

Question

I'm having trouble making a function pointer to a class method. I made a function pointer to a non-class method and it works fine.

int foo(){
    return 5;
}

 int main()
{
    int (*pointer)() = foo;

    std::cout << pointer();

    return 0;
}

I tried to apply this to have an instance variable in a class be a function pointer.

This is the header file. It declares the private method Print which the variable method will point to.

class Game
{

public:

    Game();

private:

    void Print();

    void (method)( void );

};

The Game constructor attempts to assign the pointer method to the address of the Print method. Upon compile, an error comes up at that line saying "error: reference to non-static member function must be called;". I don't know what that means. Whats the correct way of implementing this?

Game::Game( void )
{

    method = &Game::Print;

}

void Game::Print(){
    std::cout << "PRINT";
}

Answer 1

A member function is quite a bit different from an ordinary function, so when you want to point to a member function you need a pointer-to-member-function, not a mere pointer-to-function. The syntax for a pointer-to-member-function includes the class that the member function is a member of:

void (Game::*mptr)();

This defines a pointer-to-member-function named mptr that holds a pointer to a member function of the class Games that takes no arguments and returns nothing. Contrast that with an ordinary function pointer:

void (*ptr)();

This defined a pointer-to-function named ptr that holds a pointer to a function that takes no arguments and returns nothing.

Answer 2

Just found out you can do

#include <functional>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

struct Foo {
   int x;
   int foo() { return x; }
};

int main() {
  function<int(Foo&)> f = &Foo::foo;
  Foo foo = { 3 };
  assert(f(foo) == 3);
  foo.x = 5;
  assert(f(foo) == 5);
}

std::mem_fn() might work too: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/mem_fn

Answer 3

1- Use the following syntax to point to a member function:

return_type (class_name::*ptr_name) (argument_type) = &class_name::function_name;

2- keep in mind to have a pointer to member function you need to make it public.

in your case:

class Game
{

public:

    Game(){}

    void print() { 
      //todo ...
    }


};
// Declaration and assignment
void (Game::*method_ptr) () = &Game::print;