Can you have if-then-else logic in SQL? [duplicate

Question

This question already has answers here:

How do I perform an IF…THEN in an SQL SELECT? (27 answers)

Closed 5 years ago.

I need to do select data from a table based on some kind of priority like so:

select product, price from table1 where project = 1

-- pseudo: if no price found, do this:
select product, price from table1 where customer = 2

-- pseudo: if still no price found, do this:
select product, price from table1 where company = 3

That is, if I found 3 products with prices based on project = X, I don't want to select on customer = Y. I just want to return the resulting 3 rows and be done.

How are you supposed to do stuff like this in SQL? Use some kind of CASE-statement for the pseudo-if's? Do a union or some other smart thing?

Edit: I'm using MS SQL.

Thanks!

Answer 1

With SQL server you can just use a CTE instead of IF/THEN logic to make it easy to map from your existing queries and change the number of involved queries;

WITH cte AS (
    SELECT product,price,1 a FROM table1 WHERE project=1   UNION ALL
    SELECT product,price,2 a FROM table1 WHERE customer=2  UNION ALL
    SELECT product,price,3 a FROM table1 WHERE company=3
)
SELECT TOP 1 WITH TIES product,price FROM cte ORDER BY a;

An SQLfiddle to test with.

Alternately, you can combine it all into one SELECT to simplify it for the optimizer;

SELECT TOP 1 WITH TIES product,price FROM table1 
WHERE project=1 OR customer=2 OR company=3
ORDER BY CASE WHEN project=1  THEN 1 
              WHEN customer=2 THEN 2
              WHEN company=3  THEN 3 END;

Another SQLfiddle.

Answer 2

Instead of using EXISTS and COUNT just use @@ROWCOUNT:

select product, price from table1 where project = 1

IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
    select product, price from table1 where customer = 2

    IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
    select product, price from table1 where company = 3
END

Answer 3

--Similar answer as above for the most part. Code included to test

DROP TABLE table1
GO
CREATE TABLE table1 (project int, customer int, company int, product int, price money)
GO
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (1,0,50, 100, 40),(1,0,20, 200, 55),(1,10,30,300, 75),(2,10,30,300, 75)
GO
SELECT TOP 1 WITH TIES product
        , price
        , CASE WhereFound WHEN 1 THEN 'Project'
                WHEN 2 THEN 'Customer'
                WHEN 3 THEN 'Company'
            ELSE 'No Match'
            END AS Source
FROM 
    (
     SELECT product, price, 1 as WhereFound FROM table1 where project = 11
     UNION ALL
     SELECT product, price, 2 FROM table1 where customer = 0
     UNION ALL
     SELECT product, price, 3 FROM table1 where company = 30
    ) AS tbl
ORDER BY WhereFound ASC

Answer 4

Please check whether this helps:

select TOP 1
    product, 
    price 
from 
    table1 
where 
    (project=1 OR Customer=2 OR company=3) AND
    price IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY company 

Answer 5

You can make the following sql query

IF ((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1 WHERE project = 1) > 0) 
    SELECT product, price FROM table1 WHERE project = 1
ELSE IF ((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1 WHERE project = 2) > 0) 
    SELECT product, price FROM table1 WHERE project = 2
ELSE IF ((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table1 WHERE project = 3) > 0)
    SELECT product, price FROM table1 WHERE project = 3

Answer 6

The CASE statement is the closest to an IF statement in SQL, and is supported on all versions of SQL Server:

SELECT CASE <variable> 
           WHEN <value>      THEN <returnvalue> 
           WHEN <othervalue> THEN <returnthis> 
           ELSE <returndefaultcase> 
       END 
  FROM <table>