How to use special characters in recipients name w

Question

How can I send an email formatted as "Name <[e-mail]>" to:

ŠŒŽœžŸ¥µÀÁÃÄÅÆÇÉÊËÍÎÏÐÒÓÕÖØÙÜÝßàáâåæçèéëìíîïðñóôõöøùûýÿ <[e-mail]>

Obviously, many of these characters will never show up in a name, but in case they do, I would prefer that they do not prevent an email from being successfully sent.

Currently, this fails as noted in Apache's error.log with

Ignoring invalid 'To:' recipient address '¥µÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýÿ ' Transaction aborted: no recipients specified

If possible, I would like to keep the special characters 'as they are.' Otherwise, can I use some sort of transliteration function to clean-up the name?

Example of usage:

 <?php
 $to = "ŠŒŽšœžŸ¥µÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýÿ <[e-mail]>";
 $subject = "Test Subject";
 $body = "Test Body";
 if (mail($to, $subject, $body)) {
   echo("<p>Message successfully sent!</p>");
  } else {
   echo("<p>Message delivery failed...</p>");
  }
 ?>

Answer 1

RFC-821 (2821) tells us, that all and any 8bit-data in headers field must be encoded. Base64 or QuotedPrintable, as you want and can. Most e-mail readers automatically decode encoded strings

Answer 2

mb_encode_mimeheader should do it, just as shown in the example:

mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');

$name  = '山本';
$email = '[e-mail]';
$addr  = mb_encode_mimeheader($name, 'UTF-8', 'Q') . " <$email>";

For better compatibility you should set the header Mime-Version: 1.0 so all mail clients understand you're using MIME encoding.

The final email headers should look like this:

To: =?UTF-8?Q?=E5=B0=81=E3=83=90=E3=83=BC?= <[e-mail]>
Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?=E3=81=93=E3=82=93=E3=81=AB=E3=81=A1=E3=81=AF?=
Mime-Version: 1.0

Renders as:

To: 山本 <[e-mail]>
Subject: こんにちは

Related: https://stackoverflow.com/a/13569317/476